Regeringsbeslut 9 REG ERI NG EN 2009-04-02 M2009/385/Na Miljiidepartementet Secretariatof the Conventionon BiologicalDiversity Vorld TradeCenter 413Saint Jacques Street, Suite 800 MontrealQC H2Y 1N9 KANADA Sverigesfjirde nationalrapporttill konventionenom biologiskmingfald 1 bilaga Regeringensbeslut Regeringenbeslutar att overhmnaSveriges fjarde nationalrapport till konventionenom biologiskmingfald. Rapportens lydelse framgir av bilagan. Arendet Sompart till konventionenhar Sverigeforbundit sig att medjemna mellanrumrapportera till konventionenssekretariat om genomforandet. Derta er fjardetillfallet for en sidannationalrapport. Formerna for rapportenbeslutades av konventionens ittonde partsmote 2008. Underlagetfor rapportenhar tagitsfram avNaturvirdsverket med hjalp av Centrum for biologisktmingfald, efter samridmed berorda myndig- heter,i enlighetmed regleringsbrevet for Naturvirdsverketfor ZOO8. s vdgnar 4 ,turtK MichaelLofroth Postadre$ Telefonvdxel E-p6t 103 33 Stmkhoh 08-405l0 00 registrattrOenvironment.ministry.s€ Besdksadrcs Teletil Telex Tegelbacken2 oa-24t629 154 99 MTNENS Fourth national report to the Convention on Biological Diversity Sweden Fourth National Report Sweden Contents CONTENTS 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6 Key actions taken 6 Overall status and trends in biodiversity, and major threats 6 Areas where national implementation has been most effective or most lacking, and some obstacles 9 Future priorities 10 1. OVERVIEW OF BIODIVERSITY STATUS, TRENDS AND THREATS 11 1.1 Introduction 11 1.2 A general overview 11 1.2.1 Introduction 11 1.2.2 Status and trends 12 1.2.3 Threats 14 1.3 Agricultural ecosystems 15 1.3.1 Introduction 15 1.3.2 Status and trends 16 1.3.3 Threats 17 1.4 Forest ecosystems 20 1.4.1 Introduction 20 1.4.2 Status and trends 21 1.4.3 Threats 27 1.5 Inland waters 31 1.5.1 Introduction 31 1.5.2 Status and trends 32 1.5.3 Threats 34 1.6 Marine and coastal areas 35 1.6.1 Introduction 35 1.6.2 Status and trends 35 1.6.3 Threats 36 1.7 Mountain ecosystems 36 1.7.1 Introduction 36 1.7.2 Status and trends 36 1.7.3 Threats 36 2. CURRENT STATUS OF NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY STRATEGIES AND ACTION PLANS 38 2.1 The Swedish biodiversity strategy 38 2.2 Targets and indicators 39 3 Fourth National Report Sweden 2.2.1 Targets 39 2.2.2 Indicators 39 2.3 Implementation of the Swedish biodiversity strategy 39 2.3.1 Species action plans 41 2.3.2 Agricultural ecosystems 41 2.3.3 Forest ecosystems 46 2.3.4 Inland waters 53 2.3.5 Marine and coastal areas 57 2.3.6 Mountain ecosystems 60 2.3.7 Identification and monitoring 62 2.3.8 Ex-situ conservation 65 2.3.9 Incentive measures 66 2.3.10 Research and training 67 2.3.11 Communication, education, and public awareness 69 2.3.12 Access to genetic resources 70 2.3.13 Swedish international development cooperation 71 2.3.14 Biodiversity and tourism 79 2.3.15 Invasive alien species 80 2.3.16 Traditional knowledge 82 2.3.17 Protected areas 84 2.4 Financial resources 84 2.4.1 Costs of environmental policy to the state in 2004–2006 84 2.5 Information requested in COP8 decisions 85 2.5.1 Article 8(j): Participation of indigenous and local communities 85 2.5.2 Genetic resources in the deep seabed 86 2.5.3 Integrated marine and coastal area management 86 2.5.4 Protected areas: Financial support to developing countries 86 2.5.5 Implementation of guidelines on impact assessment 86 3. SECTORAL AND CROSS-SECTORAL INTEGRATION OR MAINSTREAMING OF BIODIVERSITY CONSIDERATIONS 87 3.1 Integration of biodiversity into sectoral strategies and plans 87 3.1.1 Agriculture 88 3.1.2 Forestry 88 3.1.3 Fisheries 91 3.1.4 Physical planning 92 3.1.5 Other sectors 92 3.2 The ecosystem approach 93 3.4 Biodiversity in environmental impact assessment 98 3.5 Other convention processes 99 4 Fourth National Report Sweden 4. CONCLUSIONS: PROGRESS TOWARDS THE 2010 TARGET AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE STRATEGIC PLAN 101 4.1 Progress towards the 2010 targets 101 4.2 Progress towards the goals and objectives of the Strategic plan of the convention 105 4.3 Conclusions 107 APPENDIX I. INFORMATION CONCERNING REPORTING PARTY AND PREPARATION OF NATIONAL REPORT 110 A. Reporting Party 110 B. Process of preparation of national report 111 APPENDIX II. FURTHER SOURCES OF INFORMATION 112 APPENDIX III. PROGRESS TOWARDS TARGETS OF THE GLOBAL STRATEGY FOR PLANT CONSERVATION AND THE PROGRAMME OF WORK ON PROTECTED AREAS 113 A. Progress towards Targets of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation 113 B. Progress towards Targets of the Programme of Work on Protected Areas 116 APPENDIX IV. OBJECTIVES, INTERIM TARGETS AND INDICATORS IN THE SWEDISH SYSTEM OF ENVIRONMENTAL OBJECTIVES IN RELATION TO THE CBD GOALS AND TARGETS 120 5 Fourth National Report Sweden Executive summary Key actions taken In Sweden, mainstreaming biodiversity issues receives high priority. Therefore, the national strategy for biological diversity and the set of sectorally focused action plans, formulated in 1995 and approved by the Swedish Parliament in 1997, have to a large extent, been replaced by the 15 Environmental Objectives decided upon by Parliament in 1999. These Environmental Objectives form the backbone of Swedish en- vironmental policy. In 2002, Parliament decided on a first set of concrete and measurable interim targets. The system of environmental objectives and interim targets was evaluated for the first time in 2004. This resulted, among other things, in the adoption by Parliament of a sixteenth objective in 2005, called A rich diversity of plant and animal life. In 2008 the Swedish Environmental Objectives Council presented its second evaluation of the environmental objectives. Thus Swedish biodiversity policy has been evaluated and revised three times since the adoption of the national biodiversity action plan. Key actions taken in order to reach the objectives of the Convention include both site protection and the promotion of sustainable use. Establishment of protected areas is a specific measure to achieve 7 of the 16 national environmental quality objectives. In order to meet the threat posed by invasive alien species and mobilise a cooperative approach at all lev- els of government for preventing harm to biological diversity, a proposal for a national strategy and action plan for alien species was developed and submitted to the government for approval in 2008 by the Swed- ish Environmental Protection Agency, the Swedish Board of Fisheries, the Swedish Forest Agency, the Swedish Board of Agriculture, Swedish Customs, the Swedish Maritime Administration and the Swedish Species Information Centre. Other sectoral authorities, regional authorities, stakeholders and scientists participated in the work with the strategy and action plan. The Swedish parliament has, as a part of the Swedish Policy for Global Development, established the fol- lowing overarching goal for Swedish development cooperation: “To contribute to an environment sup- portive of poor people’s own efforts to improve their quality of life.” The Swedish Policy for Global De- velopment is based upon eight guiding principles of which one – sustainable use of natural resources and protection of the environment – is especially relevant to the articles of the CBD. The Swedish Interna- tional Development Cooperation Agency, Sida, has provided support to projects relating to the objectives of the CBD and worked with integrating the objectives of the CBD into Sida’s work since the convention was ratified. Overall status and trends in biodiversity, and major threats Sweden is committed to reach the European Union’s 2010-target of halting the loss of biodiversity. This target has been incorporated into the structure of the Environmental Objectives decided upon by Par- liament that forms the backbone of Swedish environmental policy. An analysis of the results of work with the Environmental Objectives undertaken in 2008, shows that the 2010-target will not be met, despite in- creasing actions in various parts of the Swedish society. Since then the government has taken several steps to significantly increase the speed of protecting more valuable forest areas. With these actions the government will be at least close to fulfilling Sweden’s interim target for formal protection of valuable forest areas. A fair number of the CBD goals and targets are met or within reach, provided that efforts are 6 Fourth National Report Sweden increased. Sustainable use of all biological diversity will not be achieved by 2010, but the process of un- derstanding and employing the concept of sustainable use has started. The 2010 biodiversity targets are very ambitious, probably too ambitious in terms of the time scale, but not in terms of what needs to be done. Their great importance lies in the processes they have started, which should be allowed to grow stronger and eventually lead to achieving the objectives and tar- gets, even if that will take place beyond 2010. Therefore, it is important that the Swedish objectives and the global biodiversity targets be evaluated and renewed . Agricultural ecosystems Agriculture is only a minor land use in Sweden, covering about 8 % of the land surface. Some of the most species-rich habitats to be found in the country, the grazed or mown semi-natural grasslands, are part of the agricultural landscape. During the past century,, these grasslands have been reduced to only a fraction of their previous extent. The Swedish goal is that the area of semi-natural grasslands should not decrease and for the most threatened types of grasslands, management should lead to an increase in their area. However, well-studied organisms such as birds still show a decreasing trend in the agricultural landscape. Almost half of the red-listed species (2020 of 4338) can be found in the agricultural landscape (of course, a species can occur in several habitats). Between 2000 and 2005, more red-listed species in the agricul- tural landscape showed deteriorations than improvements.