The apacite package∗ Citation and reference list with LATEX and BibTEX according to the rules of the American Psychological Association Erik Meijer apacite at gmail.com 2013/07/21 Abstract This document describes and tests the apacite package [2013/07/21]. This is a package that can be used with LATEX and BibTEX to generate citations and a reference list, formatted according to the rules of the American Psy- chological Association. Furthermore, apacite contains an option to (almost) automatically generate an author index as well. The package can be cus- tomized in many ways. ∗This document describes apacite version v6.03 dated 2013/07/21. 1 Contents 1 Introduction 3 2 Installation, package loading, and running BibTEX 5 3 Package options 7 4 The citation commands 10 4.1 The \classic" apacite citation commands . 11 4.2 Using natbib for citations . 15 5 Contents of the bibliography database file 16 5.1 Types of references . 18 5.2 Fields . 22 5.3 Overriding the default sorting orders . 32 6 Customization 32 6.1 Punctuation and small formatting issues . 33 6.2 Labels . 36 6.3 More drastic formatting changes to the reference list . 40 7 Language support 42 7.1 Language-specific issues . 43 7.2 Setting up MiKTEX .......................... 44 8 Compatibility 45 8.1 natbib .................................. 47 8.2 hyperref, backref, and url ........................ 47 8.3 Multiple bibliographies . 48 8.4 bibentry ................................. 50 8.5 Programs for conversion to html, rtf, etc. 50 9 Generating an author index 52 10 Annotated bibliographies 56 11 Auxiliary, ad hoc, and experimental commands in apacdoc.sty 56 12 Known problems and todo-list 61 13 Examples of the APA manual 63 References 89 Author Index 100 2 1 Introduction The American Psychological Association (APA) is very strict about the style in which manuscripts submitted to its journals are written and formatted. The re- quirements of the APA are described in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, the latest version of which is the 6th edition (American Psychological Association [APA], 2009). In the sequel, this is simply called the APA manual. The APA manual discusses how candidate authors should write their manuscripts: writing style, parts of a manuscript and their order, presentation of the results in the form of tables and figures, and so forth. Candidate authors should study this and adhere to this. The APA manual also gives specific rules about the formatting of a manuscript. This includes double spacing, a running head, the typographic style of section headings, the placement of tables and figures on separate pages at the end of the document, and so forth. LATEX users will recognize these as \style" elements that should be defined in a package (.sty file) or class (.cls file). Their specific documents (.tex file) should be largely style-independent. This idea of separating content and logical structure from specific formatting is one of the basic elements of LATEX (Lamport, 1994, p. 7). An implementation of the formatting rules of the APA manual for use with LATEX is the apa6 class by Brian Beitzel, which is a continuation of the earlier apa class by Athanassios Protopapas. This handles all kinds of issues about general document formatting, title page, section headings, figures and tables, and so forth. Therefore, if you intend to submit a manuscript to an APA journal, I strongly recommend using the apa6 class. An important part of the APA style is the way citations and the reference list should be formatted. This takes 56 pages in the APA manual (pp. 169{224). This part is not handled by the apa6 class, but by the apacite package. apacite can be used without apa6. The current document, for example, does not use the apa6 class, because I find it desirable that possible users can study the apacite package and its documentation without having to install several other classes and packages first. Therefore, the current document uses standard LATEX as much as possible. (The apa class used to require the apacite package, but this was dropped because there is now also the biblatex-apa citation package as an alternative to apacite.) Philosophy of apacite The first priority of apacite is to implement the rules of the APA manual with regard to citation and reference list as closely as possible. However, just like its predecessors (culminating in Young U. Ryu's theapa package), and actually ex- panding much beyond their realm, apacite offers many possibilities for customiza- tion as well. Many details of apacite, particularly punctuation and some fixed texts (e.g., \Tech. Rep.") can be changed easily by the user by redefining some commands in LATEX. Furthermore, apacite also offers several proper options to change some of its settings. Whether certain options or customizable aspects are implemented depends on two criteria: (1) Is it possible, easy (enough), and convenient to implement 3 them without compromising the ability to adhere to the APA rules, and (2) Do I (EM) consider them important or useful enough to spend time to implement them. Actually, the decision process is the reverse of this: First, I decide whether I find it a relevant or useful option. If not, I will not implement it. If so, I will think about if and how I can implement it. If I have an idea for a solution that is practically feasible, I will pursue it. If I don't see a solution, if I think it will take me too much time, or if I think a solution will be inconvenient to other users, then I will not pursue it. New in this version Changes with respect to the previous version (v6.02, [2013/07/04]): • Thesis formatting (@phdthesis, @mastersthesis) rewritten in order to con- form to the 6th edition of the APA Manual. • Added the \APACaddressSchool and \APACtypeAddressSchool commands to facilitate customization of the formatting of theses. • Added the \APACredefineOnce command to apacdoc.sty. • Added examples 31{44 from the APA manual to apacxmpl.tex and apa5ex.bib. • Improved source code documentation in the .dtx file. • Some minor changes and bug fixes. About this document The current document describes how to use apacite and largely assumes knowl- edge of or access to the standard BibTEX documentation, such as Patashnik (1988), Kopka and Daly (2004, Chapter 12), or Mittelbach and Goossens (2004, Chap- ters 12 and 13). Hence, this document does not always describe how to use some of the citation commands or how to construct a bibliography database file in detail if there is no apacite-specific element to it. This document comes in two versions. The version supplied with the distribution is the user's manual. As is customary with packages that are distributed in .dtx form, it is also possible to regenerate the user's manual in such a way that it includes the documented source code of the package as well. This is currently still in a primitive form compared to other pack- ages, but it will be improved with later releases. The README file describes how the documented source code can be included in this manual. Meijer (2007) contains some simple examples in which apacite is compared to standard LATEX/BibTEX citation, as well as a description of how apacite works technically. Note that this manual is not completely up to date. This is primarily the case for the specific discussion of the examples in section 13, which focus on the 5th edition of the APA manual, but there may be some obsolete discussions or omissions elsewhere in the document as well. 4 2 Installation, package loading, and running BibTEX apacite is distributed as a .dtx file, like most LATEX packages. The file apacite.dtx is supplemented by a README file, which gives a brief introduction and installation instructions, the user's manual in the file apacite.pdf (which you are reading right now), and the installation file apacite.ins. Strictly speaking, only the apacite.dtx file is necessary, because the installation file is regener- ated from it if it is not available, and the user's manual is generated by running LATEX on apacite.dtx. But it is customary (and convenient for potential users) to include the other files as well. The LATEX packages, BibTEX style files, and other files in the distribution are generated by running LATEX on apacite.ins. This generates the following files: apacite.sty The LATEX citation package. This must be placed in a directory where TEX can find it. apacite.bst The BibTEX reference list style. This must be placed in a directory where BibTEX can find it. apacitex.bst The BibTEX reference list style with added author index support. This must also be placed in a directory where BibTEX can find it. apacann.bst apacannx.bst Versions of apacite.bst and apacitex.bst that generate anno- tated bibliographies (if the annote and/or annotate fields are provided). Again, these must be placed in a directory where BibTEX can find it. Most probably, some time in the future, the four .bst files will be combined in apacite.bst, with the desired behavior induced by options, but this is non- trivial and currently not implemented yet. apacxmpl.tex LATEX file that (with the bibliography database) implements the examples from the APA manual. This can best be kept in the same directory as apacite.dtx. apa5ex.bib The file with bibliographic information of the examples from the APA manual, this user's manual. This is useful for users to find out how certain nontrivial problems can be solved. This can best be kept in the same directory as apacite.dtx. apacite.drv Documentation driver.