Hitachi-UTokyo Laboratory (H-UTokyo Lab.) Society 5.0 A People-centric Super-smart Society Society 5.0 Hitachi-UTokyo Laboratory (H-UTokyo Lab.) Society 5.0 A People-centric Super-smart Society Hitachi-UTokyo Laboratory (H-UTokyo Lab.) The University of Tokyo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan Based on a translation from the Japanese language edition: Society 5.0 by Hitachi and The University of Tokyo Joint Research Laboratory Copyright ©Hitachi and The University of Tokyo Joint Research Laboratory, 2018 ISBN 978-981-15-2988-7 ISBN 978-981-15-2989-4 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2989-4 This book is an open access publication. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2020, corrected publication 2020 Open Access This book is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence and indicate if changes were made. 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Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore Vision Design: A People-Centric Society Founded on the Merging of Cyberspace and Physical Space A habitat to support the 100-year life: monitoring robots by our side (Sect. 5.2). Source: Hitachi Global Center for Social Innovation—Tokyo The original version of this book was revised. An correction to this book can be found at https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2989-4_9 v vi Vision Design: A People-Centric Society Founded on the Merging of Cyberspace... A resident-led super-smart society: developing a service to enable greater mobility based on the Person’s desire and choices. Source: Hitachi Global Center for Social Innovation—Tokyo Urban Datarization and Cyberspace-Based Data-Driven Planning CityScope: using data-driven planning interfaces for town planning (Sect. 5.4). Source: Hitachi Global Center for Social Innovation—Tokyo vii viii Urban Datarization and Cyberspace-Based Data-Driven Planning Using cyberspace to design urban transport infrastructure (Sect. 5.4) (above) Simulating the impacts of energy consumption in real time (below). Source: Hitachi Global Center for Social Innovation—Tokyo Hitachi-UTokyo Laboratory (H-UTokyo Lab.) Hitachi-UTokyo Laboratory (H-UTokyo Lab.) was founded in 2016 by the University of Tokyo and Hitachi. Rather than following the conventional style of industry-academia partnerships, which focuses on solving specific problems, H-UTokyo Lab has pioneered the industry-academia collaboration model, which pools the strengths of a business and university. Under this model, the Lab creates and communicates a vision for achieving “Society 5.0” and pursues a novel form of research and development intended to address social challenges and make the vision a reality. ix Introduction Big data analytics, artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things—these are just some of the products of research and development that have become regular fixtures of our daily lives. Our private and professional lives are saturated with digital data and information technology through which we develop and share ideas, which in turn generate one new business after another. Just think how our lives have been trans- formed over the past 10 years, with the rise of the smartphone, new ways of shop- ping, new ways of working, and the like. If we have changed that much in ten years, then how far have we come over the past 50 years, or even the past 30 years? No one could have imagined the phenomenal change. Digital technology has taken us from an industrial society centered on manufacturing into a society where information is king. Now, we stand at the cusp of a new age. How will we greet this new dawn, and where exactly are we headed? On January 22, 2016, the Government of Japan released the 5th Science and Technology Basic Plan (Cabinet Office 2016a). The plan proposes the idea of “Society 5.0,” a vision of a future society guided by scientific and technological innovation. The intention behind this concept is described as follows: “Through an initiative merging the physical space (real world) and cyberspace by leveraging ICT to its fullest, we are proposing an ideal form of our future society: a ‘super-smart society’ that will bring wealth to the people. The series of initiatives geared toward realizing this ideal society are now being further deepened and intensively promoted as ‘Society 5.0.’”1 An annotation explains the reasoning behind the term Society 5.0 as follows: “(Society 5.0 is) so called to indicate the new society created by transfor- mations led by scientific and technological innovation, after hunter- gatherer society, agricultural society, industrial society, and information society”(see Fig. 1). 1 See page 13 of The 5th Science and Technology Basic Plan (Cabinet Office 2016a). Efforts to address underlying challenges, such as those related to energy, resources, food security, population aging/ depopulation, natural disasters, and cyber security, are discussed in sections separate from those con- cerning Society 5.0. These sections are titled “Sustainable Growth and Self-sustaining Regional Development,” “Ensuring Safety and Security for Our Nation and its Citizens and a High-Quality, Prosperous Way of Life,” and “Addressing Global Challenges and Contributing to Global Development,” and they are found in Chap. 3, which is titled “Addressing Economic and Social Challenges.” xi xii Introduction Society 1.0 Society 2.0 Society 3.0 Society 4.0 Society 5.0 SocietyHunter-gatherer Agrarian Industrial Information Super smart Productive approac Merging of Capture/Gather ManufactureMechanization ICT cyberspace and h physical space Material Stone・Soil Metal PlasticSemiconductor Material 5.0* Motor car, boat, Autonomous Transport Foot Ox, horse Multimobility plane driving settlement Nomadic, small Fortified city Linear (industrial) Network city Autonomous Form of settlement city decentralized city City Viability Defensiveness FunctionalityProfitability ideals Humanity Fig. 1 Contextualizing Society 5.0. Categories created by the authors. Source: Produced by authors. ∗Research conducted by the University of Tokyo’s Material Innovation Research Center In 2016, the government released the “Comprehensive Strategy on Science, Technology and Innovation for 2016” (Cabinet Office 2016b). In the following year, it released the 2017 edition of its comprehensive strategy (Cabinet Office 2017), in which it further described Society 5.0 as follows: “Society 5.0, the vision of future society tow[ard] which the Fifth Basic Plan proposes that we should aspire, will be a human-centered society that, through the high degree of merging between cyberspace and physical space, will be able to balance economic advancement with the resolution of social problems by providing goods and services that granularly address manifold latent needs regardless of locale, age, sex, or language to ensure that all citizens can lead high-quality, lives full of comfort and vitality.”(Cabinet Office 2017) In other words, Society 5.0 is a model to communicate the government’s vision of a future society to industry and the general public. This model was the culmina- tion of numerous discussions among experts from various fields. It was also based on research into the history of technology and social development. However, the government literature cited above only provides a brief outline of such scholarly discourse. Without understanding the underlying ideas, one cannot gain a full pic- ture of Society 5.0. What, for example, is cyberspace? What is physical space? What does it mean to merge these two spaces? What does it mean to balance eco- nomic advancement with the resolution of social problems? A human-centered society—does that not go without saying? Readers would be forgiven for asking such questions. To get the answers, we must understand the thinking and narratives underlying Society 5.0. Hence, this book offers readers a primer on Society 5.0 by discussing the definitions in terms of their implicit meanings and the backdrop from which they emerged. Introduction xiii This book summarizes the findings of the Habitat Innovation project by Hitachi- UTokyo Laboratory (H-UTokyo Lab.). H-UTokyo Lab. was founded in June 2016 following an agreement between the University of Tokyo and Hitachi. Its purpose is to pioneer a new form of industrial-academic partnership known as industry- academia collaboration. Stepping beyond conventional industry-academia partner- ships, industry-academia collaboration emphasizes radical and far-reaching inter-institutional coordination as a way of addressing social issues.