DSpace Institution DSpace Repository http://dspace.org Soil Science Thesis and Dissertations 2019-01-02 IMPACT OF POLLINATOR HABITATS AND MANAGED BEE POLLINATION ON YIELDS OF POLLINATOR DEPENDENT CROPS, EVIDENCE FROM NORTH WEST ETHIOPIA: SISAY GETAHUN http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/9257 Downloaded from DSpace Repository, DSpace Institution's institutional repository BAHIR DAR UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE GRADUATE PROGRAM IMPACT OF POLLINATOR HABITATS AND MANAGED BEE POLLINATION ON YIELDS OF POLLINATOR DEPENDENT CROPS, EVIDENCE FROM NORTH WEST ETHIOPIA: M.SC. THESIS BY SISAY GETAHUN October, 2018 Bahir Dar, Ethiopia BAHIR DAR UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE GRADUATE PROGRAM IMPACT OF POLLINATOR HABITATS AND MANAGED BEE POLLINATION ON YIELDS OF POLLINATOR DEPENDENT CROPS, EVIDENCE FROM NORTH WEST ETHIOPIA: M.SC. THESIS BY SISAY GETAHUN SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE (M.SC.) IN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS October, 2018 Bahir Dar, Ethiopia i Bahir Dar University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences APPROVAL SHEET As member of the Board of Examiners of the Master of Sciences (M.Sc.) thesis open defense examination, we have read and evaluated this thesis prepared by Miss. Sisay Getahun entitled Impact of Pollinator Habitats and Managed Bee Pollination on Yields of Pollinator Dependent Crops in: North Western Ethiopia. We hereby certify that, the thesis is accepted for fulfilling the requirements for the award of the degree of Master of Sciences (M.Sc.) in Agricultural Economics. Board of Examiners ______________________ _______________ _______________ Name of External Examiner Signature Date ____________________ __ _________________ _______________ Name of Internal Examiner Signature Date _______________________ _________________ _______________ Name of Chairman Signature Date ii DECLARATION This is to certify that thesis entitled IMPACT OF POLLINATOR HABITATS AND MANAGED BEE POLLINATION ON YIELDS OF POLLINATOR DEPENDENT CROPS IN NORTH WESTERN ETHIOPIA submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Master of Science in Agricultural Economics to the Graduate Program of College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Bahir Dar University by Miss. Sisay Getahun (ID. No. 0906147) is a genuine work carried out by her under our guidance. The matter embodied in this project work has not been submitted earlier for award of any degree or diploma to the best of our knowledge and belief. Name of the Student Sisay Getahun Signature & date _____________________ Name of the Supervisors Zewdu Birhanie (PhD) Signature & date _____________________ Major advisor Menale Kassie (PhD) Signature & date _____________________ Co- advisor iii DEDICATED This study document is dedicated to my parents Kes Getahun G/medhin and W/r Yeshareg Mulugeta for treating me with care, unlimited assistance and for their encouragement in my academic carrier and life. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I would like to express my honest thanks to the Almighty God and his mother for their love, benevolence, forgiveness and generosity. I am sincerely and heartily grateful to my supervisors Dr. Zewdu Birhanie and Dr. Menale Kassie for the support and scientific guidance they showed me throughout my thesis writing from proposal development up to the completion of the thesis. As well as I don’t jump my heartily gratitude for Bedaso Taye (M.Sc.) for his voluntary, unlimited and intellectual support to being the survey data well And Dr. Workneh Ayalew for his continual instruction and technical comments. I would like to thanks my sponsor Woldia University for the financial support of both education and research study. My deepest gratitude goes to Bahir Dar University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences department of Agricultural Economics staff for their friendly interaction, intellectual and technical comments, guidance and unreserved support from proposal development up to the completion of the thesis. I would like to thank all YESH project team including enumerators for their cooperation to collect available data from Woreda and kebele, and all respondents from each kebele. They are highly appreciated for their willingness and patience in providing answers to all of the questions in the questionnaire. My deepest thanks to my father, mother, brothers and sisters for their commitment and sacrifices bring me to this stage. All my families are always with me whenever I need them; their encouragement keeps me going and their love empowers me. I would also like to extend my gratitude to my postgraduate regular agricultural economics students the energetic, lovely and un boredom support in the two consecutive years. Finally, it is my great pleasure to thank all of my best friends to support ideally and for their patience during my study. v TABLE OF CONTENTS Contents page APPROVAL SHEET ............................................................................................................................. ii DECLARATION .................................................................................................................................. iii DEDICATED .........................................................................................................................................iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................................... v TABLE OF CONTENTS .......................................................................................................................vi LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................................ix LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................................ x LIST OF APPENDIX ............................................................................................................................xi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ............................................................................. xii ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................................ xiii 1. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1.Background of the Study ............................................................................................................... 1 1.2. Statement of the problem ............................................................................................................. 3 1.3 Objectives of the Study ................................................................................................................. 4 1.3.1. General objective ....................................................................................................................... 4 1.3.2. Specific objectives ..................................................................................................................... 4 1.4. Research questions ....................................................................................................................... 5 1.5. Significance of the Study ............................................................................................................. 5 1.6. Scope and Limitation of the Study ............................................................................................... 5 1.7. Organization of the thesis ............................................................................................................. 6 2. LITERATURE REVIEW.................................................................................................................... 7 2.1. Theoretical Framework ................................................................................................................ 7 2.1.1. Definitions and concepts ........................................................................................................... 7 vi TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) 2.2. Resource base and status of Beekeeping in Ethiopia ................................................................... 8 2.3. Role of Beekeeping in Agriculture ............................................................................................... 9 2.4. Role of managed Bees Pollination in crop productivity ............................................................... 9 2.5. Relative advantages of beekeeping ............................................................................................ 10 2.6. Environmental role of Beekeeping ............................................................................................. 11 2.7. Pollinating Insects in Agricultural Crops ................................................................................... 11 2.8. Protecting Pollinators and Their Habitat .................................................................................... 12 2.9. Economic and ecological Consequences of Pollinators declines ............................................... 14 2.10. Foraging Efficiency of pollinators and Their Distance ............................................................ 15 2.11. Some other factors affecting pollinating crop Production ........................................................ 18 2.11.1. Education