Byzan&ne architecture S Vitale Ravenna apse prothesis diaconicon presbytery The apse is flanked by two chapels, the prothesis and the diaconicon, typical for Byzantine architecture. justinian matrimoneum Nave : South-East Apse : Each span, except Nave, has a semicircle apse. ecclesiastial eschatology The early Chris&an basilica was the way of realising Chris&an architecture needs within the limita&ons of the Roman architectural outlook the ideal byzantine church Hagia Sophia, Ayasofya, “Holy Wisdom”, Sancta Sophia The Central Plan The Dome Ligh&ng and decora&on the ideal byzantine church spiritually occupied Charlemagne aka in Latin: Carolus Magnus or Karolus Magnus, meaning Charles the Great 20 21 Blue Mosque Byzan&ne architecture strongly influenced the development of mosques, from Cairo to Turkey. Moorish architecture, reached its acme with the Alhambra in Granada. Suleyman Mosque Alhambra Taj Mahal Pala&ne Chapel, Aachen - Throne of Charlemagne Pala&ne Chapel, Aachen St Augus&ne’s City of God Plan of St. Gall Romanesque architecture is the term that is used to describe the architecture of Middle Ages Europe which evolved into the Gothic style beginning in the 12th century. The term "Romanesque", meaning "descended from Roman", was used to describe the style from the early 19th century. Although there is no consensus for the beginning date of the style, with proposals ranging from the 6th to the 10th centuries, examples can be found across the continent, making Romanesque architecture the first pan-European architectural style since Imperial Roman Architecture. The Romanesque style in England is more traditionally referred to as Norman architecture. Combining features of contemporary Western Roman and Byzantine buildings, Romanesque architecture is known by its massive quality, its thick walls, round arches, sturdy piers, groin vaults, large towers and decorative arcading. Each building has clearly defined forms and they are frequently of very regular, symmetrical plan so that the overall appearance is one of simplicity when compared with the Gothic buildings that were to follow. Speyer cathedral Speyer cathedral Saint-Sernin, Toulouse Le Mont-Saint-Michel Le Mont-Saint-Michel (English: St Michael's Mount) Ecclesiastical Architecture in Medieval Society Eschatology.