IJRECE VOL. 7 ISSUE 2 (APRIL- JUNE 2019) ISSN: 2393-9028 (PRINT) | ISSN: 2348-2281 (ONLINE) POWER GENERATION FROM LOW GRADE WASTE HEAT USING THERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR Mr. Parul Raghav1, Mr. Rakesh Kumar2 1M. Tech (Power System and Control), Noida International University, Uttar Pradesh, India 2Assistant Professor, Noida International University, Uttar Pradesh, India Abstract - In the conventional method for generate electricity They have the capacity to operating at elevated is converting thermal energy into mechanical energy then to temperatures. electrical energy. In recent years, due to environmental issues The source for the power generation is Heat not Light, so like emissions, global warming, etc., are the limiting factor for day and night operation is possible. the energy resources which resulting in extensive research and They are mostly used for convert the waste heat so it is novel technologies are required to generate electric power. considered as a Green Technology. Thermoelectric power generators have emerged as a promising another green technology due to their diverse We can increase the overall efficiency of the system (4% advantages. Thermo Electric Power Generator directly to &7%). converts this Thermal energy into Electrical energy. So They can be alternative power sources. number of moving and rotating part has been eliminated. By When compare to exciting conventional power system it this it eliminated emission so we can believe this green require less space and cost technology. Thermoelectric power generation offer a potential Less operating cost. application in the direct exchange of waste-heat energy into electrical power where it is unnecessary to believe the cost of In any industry, the three top operating expenses are often the thermal energy input. The application of this option green found to be energy (both electrical and thermal), labour and technology in converting waste-heat energy directly into materials. If one were to relate to the manageability of the cost electrical power can too improve the overall efficiencies of or potential cost savings in each of the above components, energy conversion systems. Heat source which is need for this energy would invariably emerge as a top ranker, and thus conversion is less when contrast to conventional methods. In energy management function constitutes a strategic area for this paper, a background on the basic concepts of cost reduction. This contribution analyzes approaches that led thermoelectric power generation is presented and recent to discovery of thermo electricity. Thermoelectric restrictions patents of thermoelectric power generation with their imposed on the application areas of thermoelectric generators important and relevant applications to waste-heat energy are and, accordingly, theensuing rational lines of their practical reviewed and discussed. applications are considered. The possibilities of thermoelectric systems’ contribution to “green” technologies, in particular, to Keywords: - Thermoelectric power generator, waste-heat waste heat recovery from industry exhausting flue gases. recovery, alternative green technology, direct energy Attention is focused on the selection of the thermoelectric conversion, thermocouple system and the experimental model representing the system. Finally there is theoretical model calculation for generation of I. INTRODUCTION emfs (voltage) and validation comparing the experimental A Thermoelectric power generator is a solid state device that results of the emfs (voltage). The Drawback of thermoelectric provides direct energy conversion from thermal energy (heat) power generator is their relatively low conversion efficiency into electrical energy based on “Seebeck effect”. The (typically ~5%) and Less power output. Application over the thermoelectric power cycle, with charge carriers serving as the past decade included industrial instruments, military, medical working fluid, follows the fundamental laws of and aerospace and home reason and applications for portable thermodynamics and intimately resembles the power cycle of or remote power generation. Though, in recent years, an a conventional heat engine. Advantages of Thermoelectric increasing anxiety of environmental issues of emissions, in power generators over other technologies. particular global warming has resulted in extensive research They are extremely reliable and they have no mechanical into nonconventional technologies of generating electrical moving parts and require considerably less maintenance. power. Thermoelectric power generation offers a promising They have very small size and weightless. technology in the direct conversion of low-grade thermal energy, such as waste-heat energy, into electrical power. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN ELECTRONICS AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING A UNIT OF I2OR 2059 | P a g e IJRECE VOL. 7 ISSUE 2 (APRIL- JUNE 2019) ISSN: 2393-9028 (PRINT) | ISSN: 2348-2281 (ONLINE) Perhaps the earliest application is the use of waste heat from a kerosene lamp to provide thermoelectric power to power a wireless set. Thermoelectric generators have also been used to provide small amounts electrical power to remote regions for example Northern Sweden, as an alternative to costly gasoline powered motor generators. Oldest technology behind this technology is seebeck effect on Thermocouple now this tech using in seebeck effect on semiconductors so it can eliminate wires, so wireless technology is possible. An important purpose in thermoelectric power generation using waste heat energy is to decrease the cost-per-watt of the devices. Moreover, cost-per-watt can be reduced by optimizing the device geometry, improving the manufacture quality and simply by operating the device at a larger temperature All these studies were experimental and some of them were difference. Analyze the thermoelectric property of the module able to generate significant amount of electrical power. So, material is very important. Good thermoelectric material has above literature only concentrated on testing commercially seebeck property in between 200-300μV/K. Material available TEG performances; none of current literature make thermoelectric material figure-of-merit property should be known to an optimization technique to maximize the net near or more than 3×10-3 for good material. This TEG is used electrical power by considering losses due to thermal to convert the waste heat emitted from Jet Engine, IC Engines, resistance and parasitic power losses. In this works, a system Furnace, Heat water conveyor tubes. has considered which consisted thermoelectric modules sandwiched between hot water and cold-water channel. TEG II. LITERATURE SURVEY can produced electricity from the temperature difference Method for generating power such as burning of wood, petrol, between hot and cold water. This power generation is diesel, coal, is continuously depleting with nature, so that increased with the higher temperature difference and higher exceeded usage of electricity according to the consumer mass flow rate, but there is a penalty for higher mass flow rate demand. Global warming is the increase in the average called parasitic loss. This parasitic loss also depends on the measured temperature of the Earth's near surface air and size of the heat exchanger. So, the amount of net power/ Oceans since the mid-20th century, and its projected useful power from this system depends on size of channel, continuation. Global surface temperature increased 0.74 ± mass flow rate, efficiency of TEG modules, number of 0.18 °C (1.33 ± 0.32 °F) during the Thomas Jon Seebeck modules and parasitic power. For chosen TEG modules, (1934) invented that a temperature formed between two efficiency is fixed and number of TEG has considered also dissimilar conductors produces a voltage and current. At the fixed for this study. So, maximum net power depends on heart of the thermoelectric generator effect is the fact that a proper selection of length, width and gap height of water temperature difference in a conducting material results in heat channel and depends on suitable selection of mass flow rate. flow between one side to another side The novelty of this study is proposed mathematical model to predict gross power, parasitic power and net power where Table 1: Summary from related literature mass flow rate, gap height, length and width have taken as variables. Number of TEG and its property(such as dimensions, efficiency and thermal resistance)have considered as fixed. As the number of TEG and its dimensions fixed, channel length and width are interrelated [6]. Proposed model will help to predict maximum net power, optimized channel dimensions ands uitable flow rate for defined conditions. Predicted results from proposed model will be validated by experiments. This model will be useful for system optimisation. III. PROBLEM DEFINITION Some developing countries and most populated industrialized countries (India china Mongolia Korea)etc. have average of 3 to 10 hours of daily power-cuts because the increase in demand of consumer utilization electricity exceeds so that the INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN ELECTRONICS AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING A UNIT OF I2OR 2060 | P a g e IJRECE VOL. 7 ISSUE 2 (APRIL- JUNE 2019) ISSN: 2393-9028 (PRINT) | ISSN: 2348-2281 (ONLINE) production of electrical energy is lesser then the consumer 3) By installed in the vehicle above the radiator means the dem and. And also shortage of fossil fuel and coal i.e. about vehicle battery will charge self 60% of electricity