Cover Page The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/22159 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation Author: Pederson, Randall James Title: Unity in diversity : English puritans and the puritan reformation, 1603-1689 Issue Date: 2013-11-07 UNITY IN DIVERSITY: ENGLISH PURITANS AND THE PURITAN REFORMATION 1603-1689 Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van Doctor aan de Universiteit Leiden, op gezag van Rector Magnificus prof. mr. Carel Stolker volgens besluit van het College voor promoties te verdedigen op 7 November 2013 klokke 15:00 uur door Randall James Pederson geboren te Everett, Washington, USA in 1975 Promotiecommissie Promotores: Prof. dr. Gijsbert van den Brink Prof. dr. Richard Alfred Muller, Calvin Theological Seminary, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA Leden: Prof. dr. Ernestine van der Wall Dr. Jan Wim Buisman Prof. dr. Henk van den Belt Prof. dr. Willem op’t Hof Dr. Willem van Vlastuin Contents Part I: Historical Method and Background Chapter One: Historiographical Introduction, Methodology, Hypothesis, and Structure ............. 1 1.1 Another Book on English Puritanism? Historiographical Justification .................. 1 1.2 Methodology, Hypothesis, and Structure ...................................................................... 20 1.2.1 Narrative and Metanarrative .............................................................................. 25 1.2.2 Structure ................................................................................................................... 31 1.3 Summary ................................................................................................................................. 32 Chapter Two: Seventeenth-Century Background …………………………………....…................................ 34 2.1 Introduction ……………………………………………………….......................................…..... 34 2.2 The Political, Religious, Social, and Theological Contexts …………...........……….... 35 2.2.1 The Early English Reformation (1534-53) ……………......................………..... 36 2.2.2 Marian England (1553-58) …………………….................................…..………..… 41 2.2.3 The Elizabethan Period (1558-1603) …….....................……………..….............. 43 2.2.4 The Early Stuart Period (1603-42) ……........................……………..………….… 47 2.2.5 The English Revolution (1640-60) …….......................……………..………….… 50 2.2.6 The Later Stuart Restoration (1660-89) ….....................………….……….…… 53 2.2.7 Summary .................................................................................................................. 54 2.3 The English Puritanism of the Seventeenth Century: Thematic Elements .......... 55 2.3.1 The Precisianist Strain ........................………………………..............................… 57 2.3.2 The Mystical Strain .....................……………………………................................... 61 2.3.3 The Antinomian Strain .........................................................…………..……….... 63 2.3.4 The Neonomian Strain ............................…………………….............................… 66 2.4 Conclusion ………………………………………………………….…........................................... 69 Part II: Puritans Chapter Three: John Downame (1571-1652) ………………………………….…….......................................… 71 3.1 Introduction ………………………………………………………..…......................................... 71 3.2 Social Contexts ………………………………………………….……......................................... 74 3.3 Downame’s Writings in Historical Context ................................................................... 84 3.3.1 The Christian Warfare (1604-18, 1612, 1634) ...................................................... 85 3.3.2 A Guide to Godlynesse (1622, 1629) ..................................................................... 88 3.3.3 Lectvres Vpon the Fovre First Chapters of the Prophecie of Hosea (1608) ........................................................................................................... 90 3.3.4 A Briefe Concordance of the Bible (1630, 1635) ................................................ 92 3.3.5 Annotations upon All the Books of the Old and New Testament (1645, 1651, 1657-58) ..................................................................................................................... 93 3.3.6 The Summe of Sacred Divinitie (1620) ............................................................... 96 3.3.7 A Body of Divinitie (1645) ..................................................................................... 99 3.4 Downame’s Theology in Historical Context ................................................................... 100 3.4.1 Doctrine of God and Humanity ......................................................................... 101 3.4.2 Predestination and Assurance ........................................................................... 105 3.4.3 Covenant of Works and Grace ........................................................................... 110 3.4.4 Justification and Sanctification ......................................................................... 112 3.4.5 Law and Gospel ...................................................................................................... 115 3.4.6 Christian Life and Piety ....................................................................................... 115 3.5 Conclusion .............................................................................................................................. 116 Chapter Four: Francis Rous (1580/1-1659) .................................................................................................... 118 4.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 118 4.2 Social Contexts ....................................................................................................................... 122 4.3 Rous’s Writings in Historical Context ............................................................................... 136 4.3.1 The Heavenly Academy (1638, 1656; Latin 1655, 1674) ................................... 142 4.3.2 The Great Oracle (1641; 1656; Latin, 1655, 1674) ............................................... 146 4.3.3 The Mystical Marriage (1631, 1635, 1653-56; Latin, 1655, 1674) ........................................................................................................ 147 4.4 Rous’s Theology in Historical Context ............................................................................ 150 4.4.1 Doctrine of God and Humanity ........................................................................ 151 4.4.2 Predestination and Assurance ........................................................................... 153 4.4.3 Covenant of Works and Grace ........................................................................... 155 4.4.4 Justification and Sanctification ......................................................................... 156 4.4.5 Law and Gospel ...................................................................................................... 157 4.4.6 Christian Life and Piety ....................................................................................... 157 4.5 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................. 158 Chapter Five: Tobias Crisp (1600-1642/3) ..................................................................................................... 160 5.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 160 5.2 Social Contexts ....................................................................................................................... 167 5.3 Crisp’s Writings in Historical Context .............................................................................. 171 5.3.1 Christ Alone Exalted (1690) .................................................................................. 173 5.4 Crisp’s Theology in Historical Context ............................................................................. 175 5.4.1 Doctrine of God and Humanity ........................................................................ 177 5.4.2 Predestination and Assurance ........................................................................... 179 5.4.3 Covenant of Works and Grace ........................................................................... 181 5.4.4 Justification and Sanctification ......................................................................... 183 5.4.5 Law and Gospel ...................................................................................................... 188 5.4.6 Christian Life and Piety ....................................................................................... 189 5.5 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................... 191 Part III: Unity in Diversity Chapter Six: Unitas within Diversitas: Downame, Rous, and Crisp ...................................................... 192 6.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 192 6.2 Reformed Theological Unities and Diversities .............................................................. 193 6.3 Reformed Theological Unities and Diversities within Puritanism ........................... 195 6.4