Pipeline Associated Watercourse Crossings 3rd Edition October 2005 The Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers (CAPP) is the voice of the upstream oil and natural gas industry in Canada. CAPP represents 150 member companies who explore for, develop and produce more than 98 per cent of Canada's natural gas, crude oil, oil sands and elemental sulphur. Our members are part of a $75-billion-a year industry that affects the lives of every Canadian. Petroleum and the products made from it play a vital role in our daily lives. In addition to providing heating and transportation fuels, oil and natural gas are the main building blocks for an endless list of products - from clothing and carpets, to medicines, glues and paints. Working closely with our members, governments, communities and stakeholders, CAPP analyzes key oil and gas issues and represents member interests nationally in 12 of Canada's 13 provinces and territories. We also strive to achieve consensus on industry codes of practice and operating guidelines that meet or exceed government standards. The Canadian Energy Pipeline Association (CEPA) represents Canada's transmission pipeline companies. Our members are world leaders in providing safe, reliable long-distance transportation for over 95% of the oil and natural gas that is produced in Canada. CEPA is dedicated to ensuring a strong and viable transmission pipeline industry in Canada in a manner that emphasizes public safety and pipeline integrity, social and environmental stewardship, and cost competitiveness. The Canadian Gas Association (CGA) is the voice of Canada’s natural gas delivery industry. CGA represents local distribution companies from coast to coast as well as long distance pipeline companies and related manufacturers and other service providers. CGA and its members stand at the junction where Canada’s gas delivery system meets the needs of over five million Canadian natural gas customers. CGA’s members deliver over 25% of the energy used in Canada. Disclaimer This publication was prepared for the Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers (CAPP), Canadian Energy Pipeline Association (CEPA) and Canadian Gas Association (CGA) by TERA Environmental Consultants in association with Salmo Consulting Inc. and Applied Aquatic Research Ltd. While it is believed that the information contained herein is reliable under the conditions and subject to the limitations set out, CAPP, CEPA, CGA and TERA Environmental Consultants do not guarantee its accuracy. The use of this report or any information contained will be at the user’s sole risk, regardless of any fault or negligence of TERA Environmental Consultants, CAPP, CEPA or CGA. Suggested citation: Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers, Canadian Energy Pipeline Association and Canadian Gas Association. 2005. Pipeline Associated Watercourse Crossings. Prepared by TERA Environmental Consultants and Salmo Consulting Inc. Calgary, AB. Overview In 2004, the Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers (CAPP), Canadian Energy Pipeline Association (CEPA) and Canadian Gas Association (CGA) initiated revision of the Canadian Pipeline Water Crossing Committee (CPWCC) document Watercourse Crossings, Second Edition to incorporate regulatory and technological advancements. Feedback was solicited from government and industry regarding the second edition of Watercourse Crossings, and those comments were incorporated in this third edition. This document outlines the present regulatory framework under which pipeline associated watercourse crossings are assessed and constructed in Canada. In addition, it suggests measures to assist pipeline companies, governing agencies and contractors during the planning, construction, operation and maintenance of pipeline associated watercourse crossings. The development of this document is seen as a means to promote a consistent approach to pipeline associated watercourse crossings throughout Canada and to aid in developing a common understanding among industry, government and other stakeholders. October 2005 Pipeline Associated Watercourse Crossings 3rd Edition Page i Acknowledgements CAPP, CEPA and the CGA would like to acknowledge the contributions made by the following people in the development of the 3rd Edition of Pipeline Associated Watercourse Crossings: Steve Burgess, Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency Alain Kemp, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Quebec Region Bill Ritchie, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Gulf Region Chris Katopodis, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Central and Arctic Region Christine Stoneman, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, National Headquarters David Evans, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Central and Arctic Region David Harper, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, National Headquarters Ed DeBruyn, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Central and Arctic Region Jeff Johansen, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Region Jim Elliot, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, National Headquarters Kurt McAllister, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Central and Arctic Region Mike Bradford, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Science/Pacific Region Nicholas Winfield, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, National Headquarters Stephanie Carroll, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, National Headquarters Sandra Martindale, National Energy Board Tracy Young, National Energy Board David Osbaldeston, Transport Canada Navigable Waters Protection Program Jay Nagendran, Alberta Environment Dave Borutski, Alberta Sustainable Resources Development Ken Gilbert, BC Oil and Gas Commission Joe O’Connor, Manitoba Government Laureen Janusz, Manitoba Government Dave Maraldo, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources Tom Maher, Saskatchewan Environment Randy Lamb, Yukon Department of Environment John Masterson, Yukon Department of Energy, Mines and Resources Tony Polyck Yukon Environmental Programs Branch Paul Anderson, Alliance Pipeline Ltd. Tom Boag, Applied Aquatic Research Ltd. Andrianna Lapchuk, ATCO Gas Darlene Cox, ATCO Gas Stew Henderson, ATCO Gas Ian Scott, Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers William Kerr, Canadian Energy Pipeline Association Mike Whittall, Canadian Gas Association Colin Rice, Duke Energy Gas Transmission October 2005 Pipeline Associated Watercourse Crossings 3rd Edition Page ii Doug Schmidt, Duke Energy Gas Transmission Tony Vadlja, Duke Energy Gas Transmission Bob Gill, Manitoba Hydro Terry Antoniuk, Salmo Consulting Inc. Rob Staniland, Talisman Energy Toni Frisby, Terasen Gas Inc. Andrea Jalbert, TransCanada Pipelines Limited Ryan Smith, TERA Environmental Consultants Karl Gilmore, TERA Environmental Consultants Jamie Wishart, TERA Environmental Consultants Greg Bryant, TERA Environmental Consultants October 2005 Pipeline Associated Watercourse Crossings 3rd Edition Page iii Glossary Term Definition Anadromous Fish species that travel up freshwater streams to spawn in fresh water, but spend a significant portion of its life in salt water. Bank Full Width The width of a watercourse when it completely fills its channel and the elevation of the water reaches the upper margins of the bank. In a natural channel that shows continuous evidence of scouring and sediment deposition, the bank full width is measured at the first break in slope at the top of the bank. In many cases this is delineated by the presence of permanent terrestrial vegetation such as large shrubs and trees. Bed and Banks The streambed and the rising slope or face of ground bordering a watercourse, up to the level of rooted terrestrial vegetation. Compensation The replacement of natural habitat, augmentation in the productivity of existing habitat or maintenance of fish production by artificial means, where mitigation measures are not adequate to maintain habitats for Canada’s fisheries resources. Corduroy Nonsalvageable timber laid on the work side of the right-of-way during nonfrozen conditions to improve passage of traffic through wet areas or muskeg. Cross Ditch A shallow ditch cut into the surface of the right-of-way. Cross ditches run parallel to and are located on the upslope side of diversion berms. Crossing Techniques Open Trenched/Open Cut: The excavation of a trench in flowing water. Isolated: The crossing site is isolated from the main watercourse to prevent construction materials and sediment from entering the watercourse outside of the isolated area. Dam/Pump: A dam is placed in the stream channel to prevent the main flow of water from flowing through the area that will be subjected to disturbance within the stream channel. A pump is used to pump water from the upstream side of the excavation to the downstream side to bypass the instream construction area. Flume: A dam is placed in the stream channel to prevent the main flow of water from flowing through the area that will be subjected to disturbance within the stream channel. A large pipe (flume) is installed to permit the passage of water from the upstream side of the dam to the stream channel downstream of the work area. Trenchless: A crossing method in which there is no disturbance to the bed and banks of a waterbody. Trenchless crossing methods include horizontal bores, horizontal punches and directional drills. Diversion Berm An erosion control structure installed on slopes to divert surface water from the right- of-way. Deleterious Substance (a) Any substance that, if added to any water, would degrade or alter or form part of a process of degradation or alteration of the quality of that water so that it is rendered or is likely to be rendered deleterious to fish or fish habitat or to the use by man of fish that frequent that water, or