ON BEING A DOCTOR What Is Internal Medicine? Y ou have had those moments of uncommon richness: boundaries of an organ system or a technique into the the sudden intimate connection with a friend, or the realm of diagnosis. And his or her gift of diagnosis birth of a child, or the irresistible impulse to thought- flows from a sound knowledge of the science of the fulness. (Why are they so few, these epiphanies? Is it subspecialties, and from the art of medicine. Watch because we get caught up with the ordinary, intending these doctors in action and ask how it was they arrived to save these special moments, yet never quite return to at the answer. The best of them will seem to have them? Do we get sidetracked, never to get back to that intuited the solution to the problem, yet will explain special divergence that might give life meaning?) retrospectively the logical steps to the answer—as does Medicine is no different. We have our special mo- the mathematician who skips several steps in his proof. ments in medicine, moments laced with a sense of priv- This internist will consult for surgeons, and for family ilege. There is that first day in the dissection room practitioners, on matters relating to infectious diseases where a mystery unfolds. The human body opens be- and antibiotic use, on questions of endocrinology and fore you and you find you are not repulsed after all. It whether the thyroid is enlarged and overactive or just even holds your interest. But more than that. Its sym- so. He or she will counsel families in distress, know his metry, its efficiency of design, its universality, and or her way around the intensive care unit, and do most above all, its poetry, strike you as marvelous. And of the teaching of young doctors. He or she will treat behind this wonder lies the realization that few can ever patients, not diseases. experience this, that you are special even to be there. It is not an easy choice, not an easy path—this one of That first day in the operating room holds the same general internal medicine—not free of trouble or anger, specialness and similar privilege, as you watch technol- not free of moments of profound sadness, and loss, and ogy and human hands repair, re-form, and cure. There lawyers after you, not free of subspecialists with half is ritual here too, and history. There is drama. There is the responsibility earning twice as much. I am not talk- the miraculous. Standing just so, exactly where you ing here about romance. But it is a life uncommonly have been told by that severest of nurses, The O.R. rich, a profession in the truest sense of the word, a way Supervisor, you are careful not to touch, not to sneeze, of life itself. Nothing else comes close. not to move, and yet still you cannot help feeling a part It is a love affair: a lifelong relationship of satisfac- of it. tion, where happiness is distinct from pleasure; a rela- There is another such moment, seldom seen these tionship where both parties grow and change and ad- days by students of medicine, to their own loss. It is just, both you and medicine, and where each of you the moment of the master clinician at work—that mo- contributes to the growth of the other; a relationship ment of connection between patient and doctor, the filled with epiphanies and punctuated by periods of sad- moment of caring, the moment of diagnosis. These con- ness where, on the one hand, you cannot imagine doing summate physicians are everywhere, palpating, percuss- anything else with your life and, on the other, you have ing, auscultating, diagnosing, thinking, and most of all, sworn to leave it in the next moment. And by this love talking to patients. The best of these seem to have a affair I mean one with open eyes, not one where one sixth sense about disease. They feel its presence, know participant is blind, having been seduced into a relation- it to be there, perceive its gravity before any intellectual ship not right for her. And if by the romantic it is meant process can define, catalog, and put it into words. Pa- someone who does not know where she will be in a tients sense this about such a physician as well: that he year, then I do not mean romance, because it does is attentive, alert, ready; that he cares. No student of require commitment, and staying power. medicine should miss observing such an encounter. Of What can internal medicine offer you? Young stu- all the moments in medicine, this one is most filled with dents worry often about something called "intellectual drama, with feeling, with history. We have been touch- challenge." One argument goes something like this: The ing patients and listening to them since before recorded subspecialties with their science offer the physician in- history. And we have gotten better at it every day. It is tellectual challenge, whereas general internal medicine what medicine is all about. does not. Let's examine this for a moment. * * * * * The entire spectrum of general internal medicine is This master clinician is the internist, the diagnosti- the study of the whole patient, the care of that patient, cian, the doctor trained in the basics of subspecialty the complete care of the human being. As such, it is an medicine, someone totally familiar with the heart, the approach to an understanding of ourselves. Internal lung, the bowel, and the kidney, someone trained to medicine affords a profound opportunity for self-discov- decide if a skin problem is a result of joint disease, if ery. No other discipline, within medicine or without, the murmur might represent cancer, someone who un- comes close. You find these eternal questions staring derstands the aged, knows when to welcome Death and you in the face, questions about yourself: Do you care when to fight, knows how both to hold a hand and for your fellow human beings? Will you make the effort pound the chest, someone able to step beyond the to understand them? Can you recognize your anger for 384 © 1993 American College of Physicians Downloaded From: http://annals.org/ by a Boston University Medical Center User on 07/14/2015 another and stifle it for the higher good? Can you put —that university life is a sheltered life, and not the what is Good above gold? Will you do what is right real world, and so is specialization, and that such a rather than what is expedient or profitable? When you sheltered life is an easier approach to the profession have ascended to that position of power, power over than that of the generalist, who is too often patronized your patients who wish you to have it, who willingly and treated condescendingly. Or that universities are bestow it on you, will you exercise that power justly, beginning to realize that they both want and need the without the corruption attendant with that power? Can general internist. you be paternalistic when it is proper to be so, and a —that it is extremely difficult to be a general inter- friend to your patients when the situation demands it? nist. Or that you are capable of it. Or will tell you how Can you never close your heart to your patients, even to achieve that goal. And no one will tell you that there though they all, every one of them, will eventually die? is no better calling in medicine. Can you do your best, and pride yourself on doing so, But I am telling you this: even though Death will ultimately defeat you? —that you should, in choosing your life's path, con- This is the self-discovery of internal medicine. Tell me of a higher intellectual challenge. sider the motives that caused you to go to medical school in the first place, motives that may now be Descartes liked to say that content followed form. overshadowed by the opinions and beliefs of others. What he was getting at was something like this: If you —that you are now a product of those beliefs, those first decide, for example, that yours will be a rural life, opinions of others that you cherish and hold fast to a life predicated on independence, and let's say, in- because they are fashionable and because they are be- volved with animals and the caring of them, a life of lieved by others attractive to yourself, and not because mending fences and fixing things—a farmer in other they are true, hold any sort of internal consistency, or words—then the form of your life will dictate its con- match the beliefs you once had when you first intended tent: the animal warmth of a barn in winter, the sweet to be a doctor. breath of a Holstein, swallows setting up shop in your —that no one will tell you that what patients want may outbuildings every spring and low milk prices and sum- not necessarily be what they should have and that you mer pasture and getting in the hay against the rain. One will need to know the whole patient to determine this. becomes a farmer out of love for the out-of-doors, out And I wish to tell you this secret: that the medical of the need for freedom from the indoors. That is as it specialties, the divisions among internal medicine, are should be. And the same is true for medicine.