No. Dhaka City Corporation The People's Republic of Bangladesh Japan International Cooperation Agency THE STUDY ON THE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN DHAKA CITY Final Report Volume 3 Supporting Report March 2005 Pacific Consultants International GE Yachiyo Engineering Co., Ltd. J R 05-017 Dhaka City Corporation The People’s Republic of Bangladesh Japan International Cooperation Agency THE STUDY ON THE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN DHAKA CITY Final Report Volume 3 Supporting Report CLEAN DHAKA MASTER PLAN March 2005 Pacific Consultants International Yachiyo Engineering Co., Ltd. The following foreign exchange rate is applied in the study: US$ 1 = Tk. 58 (Bangladeshi Taka) as of end of September, 2004 The Study on the Solid Waste Management in Dhaka City volume 3: Supporting Report List of Abbreviation and Acronyms ABD Apparent Bulk Density ACCO Assistant Chief Conservancy Officer ADB Asian Development Bank BBS Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics BIEDF Bangladesh Integrated Environmental Development Forum BRAC Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (former name) BSCIC Bangladesh Small and Cottage Industry Corporation BSIC Bangladesh Standard Industrial Classification BUET Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology BWDB Bangladesh Water Development Board CBM Community Based Management CBO Community Based Organization CC Container Carrier CCO Chief Conservancy Officer CEGIS Center for Environment and Geographic Information Services CEO Chief Executive Officer CI Conservancy Inspector CIDA Canadian International Development Agency CLAC Central Land Allocation Committee CMI Census of Manufacturing Industries CNG Compacted Natural Gas CO Conservancy Officer CPU Counterpart Personnel Unit CSI Conservancy Supervising Inspector DCC Dhaka City Cooperation DCCO Deputy Chief Conservancy Officer DEM Digital Elevation Model DG Director General Dhaka WASA Dhaka Water Supply and Sewerage Authority DMCH Dhaka Medical College Hospital DMDP Dhaka Metropolitan Development Planning DOE Department of Environment, Ministry of Environment and Forests DS Deputy Secretary DTCB Dhaka Transport Coordination Board DUTP Dhaka Urban Transport Project ECC Environmental Clearance Certificate EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan ERD Economic Relations Division, Ministry of Finance ETP Effluent Treatment Plan FM Facility Management GDP Gross Domestic Product GIS Geographic Information System The Study on the Solid Waste Management in Dhaka City Final Report GNP Gross National Product GOB Government of Bangladesh GPS Global Positioning System HH Household ICDDR International Centre for Diarrhea Diseases Research IDA International Development Association IEB Institution of Engineers Bangladesh IEC Information, Education and Communication IEE Initial Environmental Examination IGES Institute for Global Environmental Strategies IT Information Technology JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency LGD Local Government Division, Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Co-operatives LGRD&C Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Co-operatives MCHTI Maternity and Child Health Training Institute MIS Management Information System MOEF Ministry of Environment and Forests NGO Non-Governmental Organization NOC Non-Objection Certificate OT Open Truck PCP Project Concept Paper PO Personal Officer PVC Polyvinyl Chloride RAJUK Rajdhani Unnayan Katripakkha: Capital City Development Authority RCV Refuse Collection Vehicle RHD Roads and Highways Department SE Superintending Engineer SEMP Sustainable Environment Management Program SOB Survey of Bangladesh SPARRSO Bangladesh Space Research and Remote Sensing Organization SPM Suspended Particulate Matter SPOT the name of satellite operated by French government SWM Solid Waste Management SWMC Solid Waste Management Cell TOR Terms of Reference TT Trailer Truck TWG Technical Working Group UNDP United Nations Development Program UNFPA United Nations Fund for Population Activities UNICEF United Nations Children's Fund UPD Urban Planning Department, Dhaka City Cooperation WB The World Bank WHO World Health Organization WMC Waste Management Committee WMD Waste Management Division ZCO Zonal Conservancy Officer ZEO Zonal Executive Officer The Study on the Solid Waste Management in Dhaka City volume 3: Supporting Report Final Report Volume 3: Supporting Report Table of Contents List of Abbreviation and Acronyms Page Chapter 1 Overview of Dhaka City 1.1 Geography ......................................................................................................... 1 - 1 1.2 Population.......................................................................................................... 1 - 1 1.3 Economic Situations .......................................................................................... 1 - 2 1.4 Land Use and Infrastructure .............................................................................. 1 - 2 1.5 Environmental Conditions.................................................................................. 1 - 2 1.6 Social and Cultural Conditions........................................................................... 1 - 3 1.7 Comparative Features of SWM in Adjacent Countries ...................................... 1 - 5 1.8 Profile of Dhaka City Corporation ...................................................................... 1 - 8 Chapter 2 Review of Previous Reports 2.1 Waste Management Report (UNDP, 1992) ....................................................... 2 - 1 2.1.1 Staff Resources and Training .............................................................. 2 - 1 2.1.2 Landfill and Plant ................................................................................. 2 - 2 2.1.3 Refuse Collection Vehicles (RCV) and Plant....................................... 2 - 2 2.1.4 Containers............................................................................................ 2 - 2 2.1.5 Incinerators and Composting............................................................... 2 - 3 2.1.6 Business Analysis, Tariffs and Fines ................................................... 2 - 3 2.1.7 Legislation and Enforcement ............................................................... 2 - 3 2.2 Dhaka City Management Reform Pilot Project (ADB, 1998).............................. 2 - 3 2.2.1 Current situations................................................................................. 2 - 3 2.2.2 On-going Initiatives by DCC................................................................. 2 - 4 2.2.3 Local Initiatives in Solid Waste Management ...................................... 2 - 5 2.2.4 Recommendations to Improve services of DCC.................................. 2 - 6 Chapter 3 Supplementary Information of SWM in Dhaka City 3.1 Waste Generation.............................................................................................. 3 - 1 3.1.1 Waste Amount ..................................................................................... 3 - 1 3.1.2 Waste composition............................................................................. 3 - 6 3.2 Primary Collection.............................................................................................. 3 -10 3.2.1 Primary Collection in Waste Collection System ................................... 3 -10 3.2.2 Responsibility of Primary Collection according to Dhaka City Corporation Ordinance......................................................................... 3 -10 i The Study on the Solid Waste Management in Dhaka City Final Report 3.2.3 NGOs, CBOs and private initiatives in Primary Waste Collection........ 3 -11 3.2.4 Approval of NGOs/CBOs for Primary Collection by DCC .................... 3 -16 3.2.5 Coordination among NGOs/CBOs engaged in Primary Collection Services ............................................................................................... 3 -19 3.2.6 Actors in door-to-door waste collection activities................................. 3 -20 3.2.7 Services Coverage of Primary Collection at the Ward Level ............... 3 -21 3.3 Secondary Collection/Transport and Road/Drain Cleaning ............................... 3 -24 3.3.1 Secondary Collection & Transport ....................................................... 3 -24 3.3.2 Road and Drain Cleaning..................................................................... 3 -56 3.4 Solid Waste Treatment and Disposal ................................................................ 3 -61 3.4.1 Solid waste treatment .......................................................................... 3 -61 3.4.2 Final disposal....................................................................................... 3 -61 3.4.3 Closed landfill site................................................................................ 3 -64 3.4.4 Equipment of final disposal.................................................................. 3 -65 3.4.5 Environmental Clearance..................................................................... 3 -66 3.5 Recycling/Compost............................................................................................ 3 -69 3.5.1 Overview of Present Situation.............................................................. 3 -69 3.5.2 Evaluation of Present Situations.......................................................... 3 -76 3.6 Industrial Waste ................................................................................................. 3 -78 3.6.1 Industrial Waste Sector Coverage