View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Ayushdhara (E-Journal) AYUSHDHARA ISSN: 2393-9583 (P)/ 2393-9591 (O) An International Journal of Research in AYUSH and Allied Systems Research Article PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF BUTEA MONOSPERMA (LAM.) FLOWER T.Mahesh Babu1*, A.Vijayalakshmi2, V.Narasimha3 *1PG Scholar, 2Reader & HOD, 3Assistant Professor, PG Dept of Dravyaguna, Dr.B.R.K.R Govt Ayurvedic College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. KEYWORDS: Butea ABSTRACT monosperma, Fabaceae, Introduction: Butea monosperma, a deciduous tree belonging to the standardization, physico- family Faboideae, is found growing in many parts of India. All the parts of chemical evaluations, plant are highly medicinal with its mention in different systems of Phytochemical analysis. medicine. Several review works have summarized the potential efficiency of this plant. Objective: The present work attempts to evaluate the physicochemical and preliminary phytochemical studies on the flowers of Butea monosperma Koen. Ex Roxb, family Fabaceae. The work is done for pharmacognostic standardization and authentication of flowers of Butea monosperma. Methods: The herbal standardization was carried out on the basis of organoleptic properties, physical characteristics, and physico-chemical properties. Physicochemical parameters including ash values, extractive values, loss on drying, foreign matter were evaluated. Results: Powder is yellowish brown, velvety in texture, bitter in taste and smells chocolaty. The Loss on Drying at 105 c, total ash and acid *Address for correspondence insoluble ash were found to be 5.39%, 7.82%, 1.07%, w/w respectively. Dr T.Mahesh Babu Ethanol and water soluble extractive values (hot)were 14.21%, 22%w/w PG Scholar, PG Dept of respectively. The extracts were subjected to preliminary phytochemical Dravyaguna, Dr.B.R.K.R Govt screening and the results certified the presence of alkaloids, phenols, Ayurvedic College, Hyderabad, flavonoids, triterpinoids, steroids, carbohydrates, proteins and saponins India. in alcohol and aqueous extracts of flower. Phone : 9963694356 Email: [email protected] Conclusion: These studies provided referential information for correct identification and standardization of this plant material. INTRODUCTION Herbal medicine is the mainstay of health identification of the raw material or the original care in several developing countries. Medicinal plant source. plants are the great source of economic value all Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub (Syn. Butea over the world. Nature has bestowed on us a very frondosa Willd. Family Faboideae), a deciduous tree, rich botanical wealth and a large number of diverse is found chiefly in the mixed or dry deciduous types of plants grow in different parts of the forests of Central and Western India. This plant is country. WHO estimate that about 80% of the popularly known as Kimsuka, Ksarasreshta, population living in the developing countries rely Brahmavrksha, Raktapushpa, Samidvara in upon the traditional medicine for their primary Sanskrit1, Dhak in Hindi, Moduga in Telugu and health care needs. In almost all the traditional commonly known as ‘Flame of the forest’. medicines, the medicinal plants play a major role The Uttar Pradesh government has declared and constitute the backbone of the traditional ‘Flame of Forest’ as the state flower2. This tree medicine. The efficacy and safety of herbal products grows to 50 ft high, with stunning flower clusters. therefore rely on the quality and proper Tree is almost leafless during spring season forming AYUSHDHARA | May - June 2017 | Vol 4 | Issue 3 1165 AYUSHDHARA, 2016;4(3):1165-1169 an orange- red hue of flowers on the upper portion, preliminary phytochemical investigation as per giving the appearance of flame from a distance3. standard methods. B. monosperma is extensively used in Extraction of plant material Ayurveda, Unani, Homeopathy and Traditional 100 gm coarse powdered of air dried systems of medicine. Flowers of B.monosperma are flowers of Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub were used as Anticonvulsant, Antioxidant, Antistress, packed in muslin cloth and subjected to soxhlet Antigout, Diuretic, Antileprotic, Anti-Inflammatory, extractor for continuous hot extraction with Antiulcer, Astringent, Antiestrogenic Activity, distilled water and ethanol 8 hrs separately6. Then Antihepatotoxic, Eye Disorder, Diarrhoea, each extracts were filtered and filtrate was Depurative, Tonic, Leprosy, Skin Diseases and evaporated to dryness. The percentage yield of Thirst4. Phytochemical studies of flower extract ethanol and the aqueous extracts were calculated. have shown chemical constituents like triterpene, The extracts were also used for the preliminary flavonoids and glycosides like butein, butin, phytochemical screening. isobutrin, coreopsin, isocoreopsin, sulphurein, Physicochemical Analysis and Preliminary monospermoside, isomonospermoside, chalcones, phytochemical screening aurones and steroids.5 Organoleptic characters, Physicochemical Each plant drug possesses unique analysis and Phytochemical screening were carried properties in terms of its botany, chemical out at Telangana State Level Drug Testing constituents and therapeutic potency. So it is Laboratory, Hyderabad and PG Department of important to study pharmacognostic characters of Dravyaguna, Dr.B.RK.R. Govt Ayurvedic college, each medicinal plant to differentiate the genuine Hyderabad. Organoleptic characters and plant sample. With increasing demand for safer Physicochemical characters including moisture drugs attention has been drawn to the quality, content, ash values, extractive values were safety, efficacy and standards of the Ayurvedic evaluated as per the standard methods as described drugs. Hence, there is a need for standardization in Ayurvedic Pharmacopoiea of India7.Preliminary and development of reliable quality protocols for phytochemical screening of ethanol and aqueous Ayurvedic drugs using modern techniques of was carried out for the detection of various analysis. Isolation and pharmacological studies compounds by using standard procedures have been extensively made on all parts of B. described by Harborne8 and Khandelwal9. monospema but very less is known about Observation and Results pharmacognosy and standardization part. Present work is to frame standard parameters for the Macroscopic characters of flower flowers of Butea monosperma useful in Flowers large, in rigid racemes, up to 15 cm authentication and standardization of the drug, long, 3 flowers together form the tumid nodes of the which can guarantee the quality and purity of the dark olive-green velvety rachis; pedicels as long as drug. the calyx, densely brown-velvety; bracts and MATERIALS AND METHODS bracteoles small, deciduous. Calyx 1.3 cm long, dark olive- green, densely velvety outside, clothed with Plant Material silky hairs within; teeth short, the 2 upper connate, The Flowers of Palash were collected from the 3 lower equal, deltoid. Corolla 3-5 cm long, the forest of Narsapur, Telangana. The plant clothed outside with silky silvery hairs, orange or material was taxonomically identified at Telangana salmon coloured; standard 2.5 cm broad; keel State Level Drug Testing Laboratory, Hyderabad. semicircular, beaked, veined. Stamens 10, The collected flowers were cleaned & shade dried monadelphous, basifixed glabrous filament. Ovary with occasional shifting and then powdered with superior, style hairy, stigma globular hairy and mechanical grinder, passing through sieve no.40 monocarpellary unilocular10. and stored in an air tight container. This coarse Organoleptic characters powder was used for the organoleptic evaluation, determination of ash values, extractive values, and Powder is yellowish brown, velvety in texture, bitter in taste and smells chocolaty AYUSHDHARA | May - June 2017 | Vol 4 | Issue 3 1166 Nuwansiri LSB et al. Jalaukavacharana and Wet Cupping in Management of Sciatic Nerve Compression- A Comparative Clinical Study Physicochemical Analysis Table 1: Physicochemical parameters of the flower of Palasha Parameters Results(% w/w) Loss on drying at 1050C 4.39 Total ash value 5.82 Acid insoluble ash 1.07 Water insoluble ash 0.78 Water soluble extractive 22 Alcohol soluble extractive 14.21 Phytochemical Results Table 2: Phytochemical screening of the flower of Palash Phytochemicals Ethanol Aqueous Sterols + - Tannins - + Flavonoids + + Proteins + + Amino acids + + Glycosides - - Phenolic compounds + + Saponins + + Alkaloids + + Sugars + + (+) indicates presence and (-) indicates absence of that chemical constituent in the sample. DISCUSSION steroids, carbohydrates, proteins and saponins in The present study of B. monosperma flower alcohol and aqueous extracts of flower. is supportive to know the basic characters of the CONCLUSION drug like macroscopic characters of flower, Palasha one of the important drugs used in organoleptic characters of flower powder, physico- the various indigenous medicines and formulations chemical parameters, phytochemical constituents. of Ayurveda. The present work focuses on the Some salient features of B. monosperma flowers phytochemical and analytical investigation of studied using pharmacognostic features are Palash flower. The phytochemical and analytical discussed in this paper. Powder is yellowish brown, study was carried out and their details are velvety in texture, bitter in taste and smells mentioned along with the results, observation chocolaty. Humidity in the sample and extract obtained