Opportunities for solar thermal systems in the tertiary and industrial sectors in Tunisia Published by Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH Dag-Hammarskjöld-Weg 1-5 65760 Eschborn, Germany T +49 (0) 6196-79-0 F +49 (0) 6196-79-7291 E [email protected] I www.giz.de Photo credits / Sources fotolia.com / shutterstock.com Responsible Christopher Gross, Frank Münk, Bassem Triki, Amin Chtioui, GIZ Research Team / Authors Jan Knaack, Bernhard Gatzka, Detlev Seidler, Jörg Mayer, Abdelhak Khémiri Bundesverband Solarwirtschaft e.V. Quartier 207 Französische Str. 23 10117 Berlin Tel. 030 2977788-0 Fax 030 2977788-99 E [email protected] I www.solarwirtschaft.de Design Diamond media GmbH, Miria de Vogt, Susanne Wimmer Place and date of publication Berlin, January 2016 Acknowledgements Abdelkader Baccouche, Souheil Ksouri, Agence Nationale pour la Maitrise de l’Energie, ANME Supported by Abstract The study “Opportunities for solar thermal systems in the tertiary and industrial sectors in Tunisia” analyzes the technical and economic potential of solar thermal applications on the basis of individual case studies. By examining typical heat consumer profiles in Tunisia, the analysis compares three different solar thermal technologies that can be used to replace conventional heat supply technologies and lead to fossil fuel savings. Simulations for different geographical locations are compiled and then compared to economic boundary conditions. A comprehensive sensitivity analysis enables the evaluation of the effect of changes in framework conditions (such as changes in subsidy, technology costs, fuel prices) on the profitability of solar thermal systems. The study gives an overview of present market segments and provides guidance with regard to the economic feasibility of respective systems. The study draws con- clusions for policymakers that are aimed at unlocking further market development potential. 4 Content Abstract .........................................................................................................................................................................4 1. Executive summary ................................................................................................................................................8 2. Introduction .........................................................................................................................................................10 3. Solar thermal market profile ................................................................................................................................12 3.1. Institutional framework .................................................................................................................................... 13 3.2. Support programmes for renewable energies and solar thermal in particular .....................................................14 3.3. The PROSOL programmes ................................................................................................................................14 3.3.1. Support for small solar thermal installations: PROSOL Residential .........................................................14 3.3.2. PROSOL Tertiary .....................................................................................................................................15 3.3.3. PROSOL Industry ................................................................................................................................... 16 3.4. Other relevant activities in the solar thermal sector ..........................................................................................17 3.5. Heat generation with conventional technologies and subsidies ..........................................................................17 4. Solar thermal technologies and applications ........................................................................................................19 4.1. Overview .......................................................................................................................................................... 20 4.2. Collector types .................................................................................................................................................. 20 4.2.1. Flat plate collectors (FPC) ....................................................................................................................... 20 4.2.2. Evacuated tube collectors ........................................................................................................................ 20 4.2.3. Evacuated flat plate collectors .................................................................................................................. 20 4.2.4. Concentrating solar technologies ............................................................................................................ 21 4.3. Temperature ranges .......................................................................................................................................... 21 4.4. Different types of solar systems ........................................................................................................................ 22 4.4.1. Thermosiphon systems ............................................................................................................................. 22 4.4.2. Small solar systems with forced circulation .............................................................................................. 23 4.4.3. Combisystems for one and two family homes .......................................................................................... 23 4.4.4. Collective solar thermal systems ............................................................................................................. 24 4.4.5. Solar district heating systems .................................................................................................................. 25 4.4.6. Solar thermal assisted cooling .................................................................................................................. 26 4.4.7. Solar thermal process heat systems .......................................................................................................... 27 4.5. Technology evaluation for Tunisia .................................................................................................................... 30 5. Methodology of the case study analysis ...............................................................................................................32 5.1. Simulation with T*SOL.................................................................................................................................... 33 Content 5 5.1.1. Hydraulic schemes ................................................................................................................................... 33 5.1.2. Collector technology................................................................................................................................ 34 5.2. Economic boundary conditions ........................................................................................................................ 36 5.2.1. Energy costs ............................................................................................................................................. 36 5.2.2. Solar system costs and O&M costs .......................................................................................................... 37 5.2.3. Subsidies for the solar plant ..................................................................................................................... 37 5.2.4. Other economic calculation parameters ................................................................................................... 38 5.3. Methodology .................................................................................................................................................... 39 5.3.1. Locations ................................................................................................................................................. 39 5.3.2. System parameterisation .......................................................................................................................... 40 5.3.3. Simulation series ...................................................................................................................................... 40 5.3.4. Basic parameters of economic analysis ..................................................................................................... 40 5.3.5. Economic calculations ............................................................................................................................. 41 5.3.6. Choice of basic system ............................................................................................................................. 43 6. Case study selection and case studies ...................................................................................................................45 6.1. Tertiary sector ................................................................................................................................................... 46 6.1.1. TS 1 – Hot water for hotels ..................................................................................................................... 47 6.1.2. TS 2 – Hot water and space heating for a hospital