Washington Flora Checklist A checklist of the Vascular Plants of Washington State Hosted by the University of Washington Herbarium The Washington Flora Checklist aims to be a complete list of the native and naturalized vascular plants of Washington State, with current classifications, nomenclature and synonymy. The checklist currently contains 3,929 terminal taxa (species, subspecies, and varieties). Taxa included in the checklist: * Native taxa whether extant, extirpated, or extinct. * Exotic taxa that are naturalized, escaped from cultivation, or persisting wild. * Waifs (e.g., ballast plants, escaped crop plants) and other scarcely collected exotics. * Interspecific hybrids that are frequent or self-maintaining. * Some unnamed taxa in the process of being described. Family classifications follow APG IV for angiosperms, PPG I (J. Syst. Evol. 54:563?603. 2016.) for pteridophytes, and Christenhusz et al. (Phytotaxa 19:55?70. 2011.) for gymnosperms, with a few exceptions. Nomenclature and synonymy at the rank of genus and below follows the 2nd Edition of the Flora of the Pacific Northwest except where superceded by new information. Accepted names are indicated with blue font; synonyms with black font. Native species and infraspecies are marked with boldface font. Please note: This is a working checklist, continuously updated. Use it at your discretion. Created from the Washington Flora Checklist Database on September 17th, 2018 at 9:47pm PST. Available online at http://biology.burke.washington.edu/waflora/checklist.php Comments and questions should be addressed to the checklist administrators: David Giblin ([email protected]) Peter Zika ([email protected]) Suggested citation: Weinmann, F., P.F. Zika, D.E. Giblin, B. Legler. 2002+. Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Washington State. University of Washington Herbarium. http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/waflora/checklist.php. Accessed 17 Sep 2018. Washington Flora Checklist Page 1 Ferns and Lycophytes: Aspleniaceae [FNA2, HC2] Spleenwort Family Synonyms: (none) References: (none) Asplenium [FNA2, HC, HC2] Sp. Pl. 2: 1078. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 485, 1754. spleenwort Asplenium scolopendrium L. [FNA2, HC2] Sp. Pl. 2: 1079. 1753. var. scolopendrium [HC2] Asplenium trichomanes L. [FNA2, HC, HC2] Sp. Pl. 2: 1080. 1753. maidenhair spleenwort ssp. quadrivalens D.E. Mey. [FNA2, HC2] Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 74: 456. 1962. maidenhair spleenwort Tetraploid; taxonomy follows FNA Vol. 2, the subspp. were not recognized in H&C. ssp. trichomanes [FNA2, HC2] Sp. Pl. 2: 1080. maidenhair spleenwort Asplenium melanocaulon Willd. diploid Asplenium viride Huds. [HC, HC2] green spleenwort Asplenium trichomanes-ramosum L. [FNA2] FNA2: "Hybridization between Asplenium trichomanes-ramosum and A . trichomanes produces the fertile allotetraploid A . adulterinum , which occurs on Vancouver Island." Athyriaceae [HC2] Lady Fern Family Synonyms: (none) References: (none) Athyrium [FNA2, HC, HC2] Tent. Fl. Germ. 3(1,1): 31, 58. 1799. lady-fern Athyrium distentifolium Tausch ex Opiz [HC, HC2] alpine lady-fern Athyrium alpestre (Hoppe) Clairville [FNA2] ssp. americanum (Butters) Hultén [HC2] American alpine lady fern Athyrium alpestre (Hoppe) Clairville var. americanum Butters [FNA2] Washington Flora Checklist Page 2 Athyrium americanum (Butters) Maxon [KZ99, Peck] Athyrium distentifolium Tausch ex Opiz var. americanum (Butters) Cronquist [VPPNW1, HC] JPM use of (Hoppe) T. Moore as author is incorrect; KZ99 use of (Hoppe) Milde as author is incorrect; A. alpestre (Hoppe) Rylands ex T. Moore is superfluous, coined in 1857, after the 1811 A. alpestre (Hoppe) Clairv.; here we follow FNA The combination Athyrium distentifolium Tausch ex Opiz var. americanum (Butters) was used in 1966 by B. Boivin, but lacking sufficient bibliographic reference to validate it (IM1), so here we use the 1969 combination by Cronquist, following FNA, not KZ99 Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth ex Mertens [Abrams, FNA2, HC, HC2, Peck] Arch. Bot. (Leipzig). 2(1): 106. 1799. lady-fern ssp. cyclosorum (Rupr.) C. Chr. [HC2, ILBC5, KZ99] lady fern, northwestern lady fern Athyrium alpestre (Hoppe) Clairville ex T. Moore var. cyclosorum (Rupr.) T. Moore Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth ex Mertens var. cyclosorum Rupr. [FNA2] FNA2: "Athyrium filix-femina var. cyclosorum is most similar to the European var. filix-femina ; it differs in having broader, nearly equilateral pinnules and medial to supramedial sori. The variety is distributed in northwestern North America with disjunct populations in northwestern Quebec and Ontario." Azollaceae (see Salviniaceae) Blechnaceae [FNA2, HC2] Chain Fern Family, Deer Fern Family Synonyms: (none) References: (none) Struthiopteris [HC2] hard fern Struthiopteris spicant (L.) Weiss [Abrams, HC2] deer fern Blechnum spicant (L.) Sm. [FNA2, HC] Blechnum spicant (L.) Sm. ssp. nipponicum (Kunze) A. Löve & D. Löve Woodwardia [FNA2, HC, HC2] chain-fern Woodwardia fimbriata Sm. [FNA2, HC, HC2] Cycl. 38(76). 1818. giant chain fern Woodwardia chamissoi Brack. [Abrams] FPNW gives authority as Rees, but here we follow FNA Vol. 2 and KZ99 and give the authority as J.E. Smith in Rees Cystopteridaceae [HC2] Fragile Fern Family Synonyms: (none) Washington Flora Checklist Page 3 References: (none) Cystopteris [FNA2, HC, HC2] Neues J. Bot. 1(2): 26. 1806. bladder-fern Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh. [FNA2, HC, HC2] Neues J. Bot. 1(2): 26, plate 2, fig. 9. 1806. bladder fern, brittle fern, fragile fern Cystopteris dickieana Sim Polypodium fragile L. FNA2: "Especially in the western portion of its North American range (British Columbia, Washington, Montana, Idaho, Oregon, California), Cystopteris fragilis appears to be developing morphologically and ecologically distinctive variants. Hybrid individuals with aborted spores have been discovered, and plants from these areas increasingly tend to grow on both soil and rock and to have slightly different morphologies on the two substrates. These variants intergrade, however, and are not sufficiently distinct to warrant species status. This polymorphic polyploid is probably actively speciating at the tetraploid level, perhaps through gene silencing (C. R. Werth and M. D. Windham 1991)." Gymnocarpium [FNA2, HC, HC2] Phytologist. 4: 371. 1851. oak-fern Gymnocarpium ×brittonianum (Sarvela) Pryer & Haufler [HC2] Syst. Bot. 18(1): 168. hybrid oak fern Gymnocarpium disjunctum (Rupr.) Ching [FNA2, HC2] Acta Phytotax. Sin. 10: 304. 1965. Pacific oak fern, western fern Dryopteris disjuncta (Rupr.) C.V. Morton Gymnocarpium dryopteris (L.) Newman ssp. disjunctum (Rupr.) Sarvela Gymnocarpium dryopteris (L.) Newman var. disjunctum (Rupr.) Ching [VPPNW1] Polypodium dryopteris L. var. disjunctum Rupr. No distinction between Gymnocarpium disjunctum and G. dryopteris was made in our floras until recently. Gymnocarpium dryopteris (L.) Newman [FNA2, HC, HC2], misapplied Phytologist. 4: app. 24. 1851. common fern, northern oak fern Dryopteris linnaeana C. Chr. [Abrams, Peck] Lastrea dryopteris (L.) Bory Phegopteris dryopteris (L.) Fée Polypodium dryopteris L. Thelypteris dryopteris (L.) Slosson FNA2: "Gymnocarpium dryopteris is a fertile allotetraploid species that arose following hybridization between G . appalachianum and G . disjunctum (see reticulogram). Its wide distribution over much of the north temperate zone has provided ample opportunity for secondary contact between G . dryopteris and each of its diploid parents, thereby resulting in a wide-ranging composite of abortive-spored triploid crosses ( G . disjunctum × G . dryopteris and G . appalachianum × G . dryopteris ). These relationships are shown on the diagram. Sterile triploid plants are not restricted only to areas where the range of the tetraploid overlaps with that of either diploid. Their broad distribution could be explained in part by their spores, which are of two types: malformed, black, and with very exaggerated perispores, or round with extensive netted perispores (K. M. Pryer and D. M. Britton 1983). The latter spore type is capable of germination and presumably permits the plants to reproduce apogamously. The name G . × brittonianum (Sarvela) Pryer & Haufler has been applied to the G . disjunctum × G . dryopteris hybrid formula (K. M. Pryer and C. H. Haufler 1993). The type of G . × brittonianum has aborted and round spores, and leaves that strongly resemble those of G . disjunctum . They are large, 3-pinnate-pinnatifid, and the second and third pairs of Washington Flora Checklist Page 4 pinnae are sessile with basal basiscopic pinnules markedly longer than the basal acroscopic pinnules. Sterile triploid plants with a morphology similar to the type of G . × brittonianum are frequent. The biology of both of these cryptic hybrid taxa needs further study, which should lead to detailed morphologic descriptions and distribution maps. Gymnocarpium dryopteris also hybridizes with both G . jessoense subsp. parvulum and G . robertianum ." Gymnocarpium dryopteris (L.) Newman [FNA2, HC, HC2] Phytologist. 4: app. 24. 1851. common fern, northern oak fern Dryopteris linnaeana C. Chr. [Abrams, Peck] Lastrea dryopteris (L.) Bory Phegopteris dryopteris (L.) Fée Polypodium dryopteris L. Thelypteris dryopteris (L.) Slosson FNA2: "Gymnocarpium dryopteris is a fertile allotetraploid species that arose following hybridization between G . appalachianum and G . disjunctum (see reticulogram). Its wide distribution over much of the north temperate zone has provided ample opportunity for secondary contact between G . dryopteris and each of its diploid