Nike Insights Unedited Seminary Lecture Notes Origin of the Bible How Our Bible Came to Us Brooky Stockton, PHD Nike Research, PO Box, 884, Tijeras, NM-87059 2003 2 Timothy 3:16 All Scripture is breathed out by God and profitable for teaching, for reproof, for correction, and for training in righteousness, Not for Sale By the Grace of God All Rights Reserved © Grateful to Almighty God for the many resources available for this research— if there are any copyright violations, fair warning required and appreciated. Origin of the Bible: How Our Bible Came to Us Page 2 of 247 Copyright Brook Stockton Table of Contents PREFACE ..................................................................................................................... 9 1 RESTING IN REVELATION ............................................................................ 11 1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................... 11 1.2 The Subject of Revelation .......................................................................... 12 1.3 The Possibility of Revelation ..................................................................... 12 1.4 The Necessity of Revelation....................................................................... 13 1.5 The Probability of Revelation .................................................................... 14 1.6 The Classification of Revelation ................................................................ 14 1.7 The Fact of Revelation ............................................................................... 15 1.8 The Definition of Revelation ...................................................................... 16 2 INTERNAL EVIDENCE OF REVELATION ................................................... 17 2.1 Genesis ...................................................................................................... 17 2.2 Exodus ....................................................................................................... 17 2.3 Deuteronomy 29:29 ................................................................................... 18 2.4 1 Samuel 3:7, 21 ........................................................................................ 19 2.5 Psalm 103:7 ............................................................................................... 19 2.6 Isaiah 1:3 ................................................................................................... 19 2.7 Jeremiah 36:1-2 ......................................................................................... 20 2.8 Daniel 2:19 ................................................................................................ 20 2.9 Amos 3:2 ................................................................................................... 20 2.10 Matthew 16:17 ........................................................................................... 21 2.11 Luke 1:70................................................................................................... 21 2.12 Luke 10:22 ................................................................................................. 21 2.13 Galatians 1:11, 12 ...................................................................................... 22 2.14 1 Corinthians 2:9-12 .................................................................................. 22 2.15 Ephesians 4:4-7.......................................................................................... 22 2.16 1 Timothy 3:15, 16..................................................................................... 23 2.17 1 Timothy 1:8-10 ....................................................................................... 23 2.18 1 Peter 1:10-12........................................................................................... 24 2.19 Hebrews 1:1-3 ........................................................................................... 24 Origin of the Bible: How Our Bible Came to Us Page 3 of 247 Copyright Brook Stockton 2.20 The Character of Revelation....................................................................... 25 2.21 The Evasiveness of God ............................................................................. 26 3 EXTERNAL EVIDENCE OF REVELATION .................................................. 27 3.1 The Testimony of Josephu ......................................................................... 28 3.2 A Testimony of Influence .......................................................................... 29 3.3 A Testimony of Authenticity ...................................................................... 29 4 TRUSTING INSPIRATION ............................................................................... 31 4.1 Introduction ............................................................................................... 31 4.2 The Historical Problem .............................................................................. 32 4.3 Biblical Definition of Inspiration................................................................ 32 4.4 What Inspiration Does Not Mean ............................................................... 33 4.5 Theological Definition of inspiration.......................................................... 35 4.6 Supporting Claims of Inspiration ............................................................... 36 4.7 Implications of Inspiration ......................................................................... 39 4.8 The Benefits of Scripture ........................................................................... 41 4.9 Historical Confirmation of Inspiration ........................................................ 42 5 CONTENDING FOR THE FAITH .................................................................... 45 5.1 Introduction to the Controversy .................................................................. 45 5.2 Inspiration Through HistorY ...................................................................... 46 5.3 From the Reformation to Modern Times (1650-2000) ................................ 48 5.4 Revivalism in America............................................................................... 51 5.5 A collision of world views ......................................................................... 54 6 RECOGNIZING THE CANON ......................................................................... 59 6.1 Meaning of the Word Canon ...................................................................... 60 6.2 The Need for a Canon ................................................................................ 60 6.3 The OT Canon ........................................................................................... 60 6.4 The NT Canon ........................................................................................... 69 6.5 Brief History of Canonicity ........................................................................ 70 7 THE VALUE OF GOD’S WORD ...................................................................... 76 Origin of the Bible: How Our Bible Came to Us Page 4 of 247 Copyright Brook Stockton 7.1 The Sevenfold Perfection of God’s Word ................................................... 76 7.2 A Deeper Look at Psalm 19 ....................................................................... 77 8 LOOKING AT OT TEXTUAL CRITICISM .................................................... 83 8.1 Introduction to Textual Criticism ............................................................... 83 8.2 OT Textual Criticism ................................................................................. 87 8.3 Preservation of the Hebrew Text ................................................................ 95 9 LOOKING AT NT TEXTUAL CRITICISM ................................................... 101 9.1 Introduction to NT Textual Criticism ....................................................... 101 10 PRINCIPLES OF TEXTUAL CRITICISM..................................................... 113 10.1 MSS and time .......................................................................................... 113 10.2 New Testament ........................................................................................ 114 10.3 Confronting the ........................................................................................ 115 10.4 Scholarly Certainty .................................................................................. 125 11 SEEING THE SACRIFICE .............................................................................. 128 11.1 The Drama of the English Bible ............................................................... 128 12 UNDERSTANDING TRANSLATION ............................................................. 143 12.1 Understanding Translation Types ............................................................. 143 12.2 Understanding the Source of the Textual Problem .................................... 145 12.3 Translations and Money ........................................................................... 146 12.4 Understanding Translations ...................................................................... 146 12.5 The Interlinear ......................................................................................... 147 12.6 The New American Standard Bible (NASB) ............................................ 147 12.7 The King James Bible (KJV) ................................................................... 148 12.8 The New Revised