Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe MISSION IN KOSOVO Department of Human Rights, Decentralization and Communities PARALLEL STRUCTURES IN KOSOVO 2006-2007 - 1 - TABLE OF CONTENTS I. GLOSSARY .......................................................................................................... - 3 - II. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................ - 5 - III. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................ - 6 - IV. RECOMMENDATIONS.................................................................................... - 9 - A. Reduction of demand ..................................................................................... - 10 - Courts.............................................................................................................. - 10 - Security ........................................................................................................... - 10 - Property........................................................................................................... - 10 - Schools............................................................................................................ - 10 - Health care ...................................................................................................... - 11 - B. Reduction of supply ....................................................................................... - 12 - Courts.............................................................................................................. - 12 - Security ........................................................................................................... - 12 - Schools............................................................................................................ - 12 - Health care ...................................................................................................... - 13 - C. Measures of policy enforcement .................................................................... - 13 - Courts.............................................................................................................. - 13 - Security ........................................................................................................... - 13 - Property........................................................................................................... - 14 - Health care ...................................................................................................... - 14 - 1. PARALLEL COURTS ....................................................................................... - 15 - 1. 1. Background................................................................................................. - 15 - 1.2. Structure of the existing parallel courts ....................................................... - 16 - 1.2.1 Mitrovicë/Mitrovica region.................................................................... - 17 - 1.2.2 Prishtinë/Priština.................................................................................... - 17 - 1.2.3. Gjilan/Gnjilane region .......................................................................... - 18 - 1.2.4 Pejë/Peć and Prizren regions.................................................................. - 18 - 1.3. Activities of the parallel courts and reactions.............................................. - 18 - 1.4. Current concerns and analysis ..................................................................... - 20 - 1.4.1 The risk of conflicting judgments, public confusion and duplicative costs from overlapping jurisdiction in parallel and UNMIK courts ............... - 21 - 1.4.2 Double Jeopardy .................................................................................... - 22 - 1.4.3 Recognition of non-criminal decisions .................................................. - 23 - 2. PARALLEL STRUCTURES – SECURITY.................................................. - 24 - 2.1. Introduction – historical background........................................................... - 24 - 2.2. Developments and current situation............................................................. - 25 - 3. PARALLEL ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURES WITH PROPERTY RELATED COMPETENCIES .................................................................................................. - 28 - 3.1 - Background................................................................................................. - 28 - - 2 - 3.1.1 Co-operation between UNMIK, the PISG and the Republic of Serbia . - 29 - 3.2 Parallel administrative structures located in the territory of Kosovo ........... - 30 - 3.2.1 Municipal Directorates of Urbanism and Directorates of Legal-Property Affairs ............................................................................................................. - 30 - 3.2.2. Offices of the Republic of Serbia Geodetic Authority.......................... - 31 - 3.3 Parallel administrative structures located outside the territory of Kosovo ... - 32 - 4. PARALLEL EDUCATION................................................................................ - 32 - 4.1 The Structures ............................................................................................... - 32 - 4.2 The causes and effects of parallel structures in education............................ - 33 - 4.2.1 Causes of parallel structures .................................................................. - 33 - 4.2.1.1 Perceived lack of security ................................................................... - 33 - 4.2.1.2 Kosovo Albanian and Kosovo Serb communities’ attitudes towards tolerance and finding a common ground ........................................................ - 34 - 4.2.1.3 Renouncing of PISG salaries by Kosovo Serbs.................................. - 36 - 4.3.1. Effects of the parallel structures ............................................................... - 38 - 4.3.1.1. Differing curricula ............................................................................. - 38 - 4.3.1.2 Impact on children and quality of education....................................... - 40 - 4.4 Tertiary Education ........................................................................................ - 42 - 5. PARALELL HEALTH CARE ........................................................................... - 42 - 5.1. The structures............................................................................................... - 42 - 5.2. The causes and effects of parallel structures................................................ - 43 - 5.2.1. Causes of the parallel health care structures......................................... - 43 - 5.2.1.1. Attitudes among the Kosovo Serb community and the Kosovo Albanian community and the lack of dialogue at central level. ..................................... - 43 - 5.2.1.2. Lack of dialogue at central level........................................................ - 45 - 5.2.1.3. The recent renouncement of PISG salaries by the Kosovo Serbs. ... - 46 - 5.2.1.4. Payment of double salaries by the SMoH.......................................... - 49 - 5.2.2 Effects of the parallel health care structures .......................................... - 49 - 5.2.2.1. Standard of health care facilities and supervision by the SMoH – impact on patients and quality of health care services................................................ - 49 - 5.2.2.2 Supervision of the parallel health care structures by the SMoH......... - 51 - 5.2.2.3. Opportunities for medical professionals, exchange of professional information and continuing medical education............................................... - 52 - 6. CONCLUSIONS................................................................................................. - 53 - Annex I: Parallel Education Facilities in Kosovo................................................... - 55 - Annex II: Parallel Healthcare Facilities in Kosovo ................................................ - 59 - - 3 - I. GLOSSARY D Deputy Municipal Assembly President (DMAP) E European Convention of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECHR) F Former Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) H Housing and Property Claims Commission (HPCC) Housing and Property Directorate (HPD) I Internally displaced person (IDP) International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) K Kosovo Cadastre Agency (KCA) Kosovo Consolidated Budget (KCB) Kosovo Force (KFOR) Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) Kosovo Police Service (KPS) Kosovo Police Service School (KPSS) Kosovo Standards Implementation Plan (KSIP) M Ministry for Education, Science and Technology (MEST) Ministry of Finance and Economy (MFE) Ministry of Interior (MOI) Ministry of Health (MoH) Ministry of Justice (MOJ) Municipal Assembly President (MAP) N North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) O Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe Mission in Kosovo (OSCE) OSCE Mission in Kosovo Regional Centre (RC) OSCE Municipal Team (MT) P Programa de Apoyo a la Democracia Municipal (PADEM) Provisional Criminal Procedure Code applicable in Kosovo (PCPCK) Provisional Institutions of Self-Government (PISG) - 4 - R Regional Police Headquarters (RHQ) Republic of Serbia Geodetic Authority (RSGA) S Serbian Ministry of Education and Sports (SMES) Serbian Ministry of Interior Affairs (Ministarstvo Unutrasnih Poslova – MUP) Serbian Ministry of Health (SMoH) Serbian