MONOGRAPHS IN THE ECONOMICS OF DEVELOPMENT No. 13 The People of Karachi Demographic Characteristics SULTAN S. HASHMI January 1965 PAKISTAN INSTITUTE OF DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS Old Sind Assembly Building Bunder Road, Karachi (Pakistan) Price Rs. 5.00 PAKISTAN INSTITUTE OF DEVELOPME :ONOMICS Old Sind Assembly Building Bunder Road, Karachi-1 (Pakistan) The Institute carries out basic research studies on the economic problems of development in Pakistan and other Asian countries. It also provides training in economic analysis and research methodology for the professional members of its staff and for members of other organization concerned with development problems. Executive Board Mr. Said Hasan, H.Q.A. (Chairman) Mr. S. A. F. M. A. Sobhan Mr. G. S. Kehar, S.Q.A. (Member) (Member) Mr. M. L. Qureshi, S.Q.A. Mr. M. Raschid (Member) (Member) Mr. A. Rashid Ibrahim Mr. S. M. Sulaiman (Member-Treasurer) (Member) Professor A. F. A. Hussain Dr. Mahbubul Haq (Member) (Member) Mian Nazir Ahmad, T.Q.A. (Secretary) Director: Professor Nurul Islam Senior Research Adviser: Dr. Bruce Glassburner Research Advisers: Dr. W. Eric Gustafson; Dr. Ronald Soligo; Dr. Stephen R. Lewis, Jr.; Dr. Warren C. Robinson; Mr. William Seltzer. Senior Fellows: Dr. S. A. Abbas; Dr. M. Baqai; Dr. Mahbubul Haq; Professor T. Haq; Professor A. F. A. Hussain; Dr. R. H. Khandkar; Dr. Taufique Khan; Professor M. Rashid. Advisory Board Professor Max F. Millikan, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Professor Gunnar Myrdal, University of Stockholm. Professor E. A. G. Robinson, Cambridge University. MONOGRAPHS IN THE ECONOMICS OF DEVELOPMENT No. 13 The People of Karachi Demographic Characteristics SULTANS. HASHMI January 1965 PAKISTAN INSTITUTE OF DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS Old Sind Assembly Building Bunder Road, Karachi. (Pakistan) Price Rs. 5.00 CODE NAME CODE NAME CODE NAME KARACHI METROPOLITAN AREA CODE NAME CODE NAME 003 KEAMARI CITY 032 I D D G AH MAI DA N 055 ABBYSSINIA LINES FORMER FEDERAL CAPITAL AREA 109 IQBAL COLONY 204 KHOKHRAPAR 004 NAPIER MOLE ROAD 033 THATHAI COMPOUND 057 SLAUGHTER HOUSE I II MUNICIPAL GARDENS 205 MALIR NOTIFIED AREA 004 INTELLIGENCE SCHOOL 034 OLD TOWN 058 KHUDADAD COLONY MAP OF CHUNKS 114 SHE R SHAH GOTH 206 LANDHI INDUSTRIAL AREA 009 CITY RLY COLONY 035 KHADDA 059 QUAID-EAZAM MAZAR NAME lit SHER 5 HAH COLONY 207 GOTH NATHE KHAN 010 NATIONAL RUBBER CO 036 BAGHDADI 062 JAHANGIR QTRS 117 GRAMOPHONE CO (Sit.) 206 S A DA AT COLONY 013 PAKISTAN CHOWK 037 BHIMPURA 064 PAKISTAN QTRS 071 SINGO LINES 0)2 MUSLIMABAD 110 HYESONS CORP (Sit.) 210 MAUP.IPUR VILLAGE 014 ARAMBAGH 030 URDU COLLEGE 066 JUNA DHOBI GHAT 17! CHAKIWARA POLICE LINES on PECH SOCIETY 124 IALDIA COLONY 231 CABOPAT 015 ARTILLERY MAI DA N 039 RAMSWAMY 067 USMANABAD 010 BAKRA PIR| 094 LIAQUAT ASHRAF COLONY 119 8AWANY LABOUR QTRS (Sit.) 233 GUJRO 014 KARACHI GYMKHANA 043 PATF.L PARK 068 OLD HAJI CAMP Oil REXER COLONY 097 HOUSING SOCIETIES UNION 130 VALIKA TEXTILE (Sit.) 235 KONKAR 019 BATH ISLANDS 044 KGA GROUND 070 SHAHBEG LINES 082 OLD GOLIMAR 091 PIB COLONY 112 N AZIMAEAD3&5 234 THANO 021 OLD CLIFTON 045 JACOB LINES 071 NAWABAD 013 GOLIMAR ISO LIAOUAT BASTI 133 NAZIMABAO-4 237 IBRAHIM HYDARI 022 GHIZRI VILLAGE 046 JUT LINES 072 AGRA TAJ COLONY 014 FIRDOUS HOUSING SOCIETY 101 PIIF REFUGEE COLONY 134 F C AREA 231 DEH LANDHI 026 FRERE HALL 047 FOWLER LINES 073 BEHAR COLONY 015 ABU TALI• COLONY (L.lukh.t) 104 LAI.UKHET POLICE STATION 200 DRIGH COLONY 240 KORANGI DESIGNATED AREA 028 ST PATRICKS CHURCH 048 JINNAH HOSPITAL 074 RANGIWARA 086 SINDHI HOTEL (Lalukhct) 105 LALUKHET MARKET 201 SAUDADAD COLONY 241 MALIR CANTT 029 JAHANGIR PARK 049 NAPIER BARRACKS 076 GUL MOHD LINES 019 CLAYTON OTRS 106 NAZIMABAD-2 202 l-ANDHI COLONY 242 DRIGH DESIGNATED AREA 031 PLAZA QTRS 054 CHANESAR GOTH 077 LYARI WELFARE CENTRE 091 FATIMA JINNAH COLONY 107 NAZIMABAD-I 203 MODEL COLONY 243 MANORA ISLAND NOTE:- THE NAMES OF THE CHUNKS ARE NOT INTENDED TO BE COMPREHENSIVE DESCRIPTIONS OF THE WHOLE AREA OF THE CHUNKS. OFTEN THEY ARE MERELY A NAME OF ONE OF THE MORE PROMINENT DARTS OF THE AREA IN THE CHUNKS. THATTA DISTRICT SCALE KILOMETRES KILOMETRES 0 12 3 4 12 16 1 1 I j— I * i I I ... I MILES MILES 0 I 4 5 10 J ' ' I —9-f-——- THE INSTITUTE OF DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS. KARACHI. 67 jo CAST C* GRtCNWlOl Hashmi, Sultan, S. Monographs in the Economics of Development No. 13: The People of Karachi: Demographic Characteristics For other books in the same series please see backcover Published by The Pakistan Institute of Development Economics Karachi Printed in Pakistan At the Inter Services Press Ltd., 17, near Napier Barracks P.O., Karachi-4 JANUARY 1965 PREFACE In this monograph an attempt is made to present analysis of some data on the demographic characteristics of the population of Karachi, published in the former publication of this Institute, Statistical Papers: No. 2. The People of Karachi: This monograph is the first in the series of three monographs on Karachi. The other two on The Social Characteristics, and Economic Characteristics are under prepara- tion in this Institute. The author is greatly indebted for comments received on earlier drafts from Drs. Karol J. Krotki and Warren C. Robinson both Re- search Advisers and Dr. Bruce Glassburner, Senior Research Adviser, all of this Institute. He also appreciates the computational help of the staff members M/s Masihur Rehman Khan, Abdul Razzaque, Danial M. Farooq and A. D. Bhatti. Mr. M. Zaman, Publications Officer of the Institute, technically edited the monograph, piloted it through the press, and supervised the proof-reading at all stages. SULTAN S. HASHMI Karachi, August 1964 Senior Research Demographer (v) CONTENTS Page PREFACE ... ... ... ... ... (v) CHAPTER 1 Illustration of the Problem and the Nature of the Survey ... ... ... 1 1.0 Introduction ... ... ... 1 1.1 Description of the Area Covered ... 1 1.2 Explanation of the Problem and Purpose of Research on Karachi ... ... 3 1.3 Data Collection and Processing ... 6 1.4 Limitations of the Data ... ... 7 CHAPTER 2 Historical Glimpse, Size, and Growth of Popu- lation ... ... ... ... 11 2.1 Historical Glimpse ... ... ... 11 2.2 Current Population Size of Karachi ... 12 2.3 Trends of Population Growth ... ... 13 2.4 Population Density... ... ... 22 2.5 Karachi City in Relation to Other Urban Areas of Pakistan ... ... 25 CHAPTER 3 Age and Sex Composition ... ... 30 3.1 Combination of the Single Years into Con- ventional Quinquennial Age Groups ... 30 3.2 Changes in the Age Structure ... ... 40 3.3 Broad Age Groups and the Dependency Ratio ... ... ... ... 52 3.4 Masculinity Ratio ... ... ... 56 3.5 Conclusion ... ... ... 60 CHAPTER 4 Marital Status ... ... ... 63 4.1 Married ... ... ... 63 4.2 Polygyny ... ... ... 68 4.3 Widowhood ... ... ... 70 4.4 Divorce ... ... ... 73 (vii) 4.5 Separation ... ... ... 74 4.6 Difference in Ages of Husbands and Wives 74 4.7 Conclusion ... ... ... 78 CHAPTER 5 Fertility ... ... ... ... 83 5.1 Measures of Fertility ... ... 85 5.2 Crude Birth Rate ... ... ... 85 5.3 General Fertility Rate ... ... 86 5.4 Age Specific Fertility Rate, Gross Reproduc- tion Rate and Total Fertility Rate ... 88 5.5 Fertility Level by Income ... ... 93 5.6 Fertility Level by Major Occupation ... 100 5.7 Fertility Level by Family Classification ... 102 5.8 Children-Women Ratios Derived from Age Distributions ... ... ... 103 5.9 Areal Differences in Fertility ... ... 105 5.10 Factors Affecting Fertility ... ... 107 CHAPTER 6 Mortality ... ... ... ... 112 6.1 Crude Death Rates by Migrant Status ... 113 6.2 Crude Death Rates by Migrant Status and Family Income ... ... ... 115 6.3 Crude Death Rates by Occupational Groups 115 6.4 Crude Death Rates by Living Conditions ... 118 6.5 Crude Death Rates by Major Divisions ... 118 6.6 Factors Affecting Mortality ... ... 120 CHAPTER 7 Summary and Implications ... ... 122 APPENDIX A. Enumeration Schedule ... ... 128 B. Single Year Age Distribution ... ... 130 B.l Age Reporting... ... ... 130 B.2 Measurement of Age Heaping ... 138 C. Glossary ... ... ... ... 146 (viii) LIST OF TABLES II. 1 Karachi City Population Growth, 1843-1961 11.2 Karachi City: Masculinity Ratio, Migrant Status and Region of Origin, 1921 11.3 Karachi City: Rank Correlation, Rate of Growth and Masculinity Ratio, 1872-1931 11.4 Karachi and Pakistan: Population Growth, 1901-1961 11.5 Immigrants and In-migrants, Year of Arrival of House- hold in Karachi, 1947-1959 11.6 Density Per Square Kilometre: Karachi 1901-1961 and Karachi City 1843-1961 11.7 Karachi City and Other Urban Areas of Pakistan, Popula- tion Growth, 1901-1961 11.8 Three Principal Cities of Pakistan: Population and Rank, 1901-1961 III. 1 Karachi: Population and Per-Cent Distribution by Five-Year Age Groups and Sex, 1959 111.2 Karachi: Population, Migrant Status and Sex, Five-Year Age Groups, 1959 111.3 Karachi: Per-Cent Distribution, Migrant Status and Sex, Five-Year Age Groups, 1959 111.4 Karachi: Per-Cent Distribution, All Persons and Sex, 1951, 1959 and 1961 (District), Five-Year Age Groups 111.5 Karachi: Percentage Point Change, All Persons by Sex, 1951, 1959 and 1961 (District) Five-Year Age Groups (ix) III.5A Summary: Maximum Gain or Loss by Age Groups and Sex in Percentage Points: 1951-1959, 1959-1961 and 1951-1961 111.6 Karachi: Children Under Five Per Thousand Women 15 to 49 Years of Age by Marital Status of Women: 1951, 1959 and 1961 (District) 111.7 Karachi: Per-Cent Distribution, Migrant Status,Broad Age Groups, 1959 111.8 Karachi: Per-Cent Distribution of Broad Age Groups, 1951, 1959 and 1961 (District) 111.9 Karachi: Dependency Ratio by Migrant Status, 1959 111.10 Karachi: Dependency Ratio, 1951, 1959and 1961 (District) in.ll Karachi: Masculinity Ratio, 1951, 1959 and 1961 III.