1 MICROZONING OF THE EARTHQUAKE HAZARD IN ISRAEL PROJECT 9 SITE SPECIFIC EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS ASSESSMENT USING AMBIENT NOISE MEASUREMENTS IN HADERA, PARDES HANNA, BINYAMINA AND NEIGHBORING SETTLEMENTS November, 2009 Job No 526/473/09 Principal Investigator: Dr. Yuli Zaslavsky Collaborators G. Ataev, M. Gorstein, M. Kalmanovich, D. Giller, I. Dan, N. Perelman, T. Aksinenko, V. Giller, and A. Shvartsburg Submitted to: Earth Sciences Research Administration National Ministry of Infrastructures Contract Number: 28-17-054 2 CONTENT LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................................... 3 LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................... 4 ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................................... 5 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................ 7 Empirical approaches implemented in the analysis of site effect ................................................ 8 GEOLOGICAL OUTLINE ............................................................................................................ 10 Quaternary sediments ................................................................................................................. 12 Tertiary rocks ............................................................................................................................. 13 Cretaceous rocks ........................................................................................................................ 13 Structural position of the Top Judea Group ............................................................................... 13 DATA ACQUISITION AND PROCESSING ............................................................................... 14 IMPROVEMENT OF NAKAMURA TECHNIQUE .................................................................... 18 1. Embedding of time series ....................................................................................................... 19 2. Decomposition of times series ............................................................................................... 20 3. Grouping ................................................................................................................................. 20 4. De-embedding (diagonal averaging) ...................................................................................... 20 RESULTS ....................................................................................................................................... 23 Types of H/V ratios and developing of S-velocity model .......................................................... 23 Profile A-A ................................................................................................................................. 36 Profile B-B ................................................................................................................................. 41 .................................................................................................................................................... 44 Profile C-C ................................................................................................................................. 44 Distribution of H/V frequency and its associated amplitude for the fundamental and second resonance peaks .......................................................................................................................... 47 SEISMIC MICROZONATION IN TERMS OF UNIFORM HAZARD ACCELERATION SPECTRA ...................................................................................................................................... 51 CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................................ 61 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................................. 63 APPENDIX A. WELL DATA IN THE STUDY AREA ............................................................... 68 3 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. The geological map of the study area and main geological structures. Location of boreholes used as examples and profiles for reconstructing cross sections. .................................. 11 Figure 2. Topographical map of the study area and locations of the observation sites. ................ 17 Figure 3. H/V spectral ratios ± one standard deviation (shaded area) of automatic (a) and manual (b) selected time window. .............................................................................................................. 18 Figure 4. Times series of ambient noise recorded at site 357- (a); after applied SSA method with m=10 (embedding dimension) and q=1 (singularly value) – (b) and m=10, q=2 – (c). ................. 21 Figure 5. Individual H/V spectral ratio obtained from ambient noise – (a); from time series after applying SSA method with: m=10 (embedding dimension) and q=1 (singularly value) – (b); and m=10, q=2 – (c). The analytical transfer function of soil column model is ................................... 22 Figure 6. Individual H/V spectral ratio obtained from another time window of ambient noise (a); from time series after applying SSA method (for parameters see Figure 5)- (b) and (c). .............. 23 Figure 7. Examples of V and H average Fourier spectra and corresponding H/V spectral ratios at sites whose surfaces (a) of calcareous sandstone of Kurkar Gr. and (b) of marl-chalk of Eocene- Senonian age create of the second frequency. frequency is related to Judea Gr. The shaded areas on the Fourier spectra show frequency ranges of resonance motion. ............................................ 24 Figure 8. Examples of V and H average Fourier spectra and corresponding H/V spectral ratios at sites whose surfaces (a) of calcareous sandstone of Kurkar Gr. and (b, c, d) of the Cenomanian chalk complex create of the second frequency. The first resonance frequency is related to the dolomite of Cenomanian-Albian age. ...................................................................... 26 Figure 9. Examples of V and H average Fourier spectra and corresponding H/V spectral ratios at sites whose surface of calcareous sandstone of Kurkar Gr. creates the resonance frequency. ........................................................................................................................................................ 27 Figure 10. Examples of V and H average Fourier spectra and corresponding H/V spectral ratios at sites whose surfaces (a) of Judea Gr. and (b, c) of dolomite of Cenoman-Albian age create the resonance frequency. .................................................................................................... 27 Figure 11. a) Lithostratigraphic section of the Binyamina well; b) velocity-depth section along refraction profile RL-1 ; c) comparison between H/V spectrum obtained at point 83 (red line) and the analytical transfer function computed using well data and velocities from refraction line RL-1 (black line). ..................................................................................................................................... 29 Figure 12. H/V spectral ratio (red line) and the analytical transfer function ( black line) for point 85 in the Carmel coast. ................................................................................................................... 30 Figure 13. H/V spectral ratio (red line) and the analytical transfer function (black line) for point 311 (Atlit 2 well) in the Carmel coast. .......................................................................................... 31 Figure 14. a) Lithostratigraphic section of the Wadi Ara 1 well; b) comparison between H/V spectrum obtained at point 287 (red line) and the analytical transfer functions (black and blue lines). .............................................................................................................................................. 33 Figure 15. a) Lithostratigraphic section of the Karkur 3 well; b) comparison between H/V spectrum obtained at point 460 (red line) and the analytical transfer function (black line) computed using data from Table 4. ................................................................................................ 33 Figure 16. a) Lithostratigraphic section of the Menascheh 1 well; b) comparison between H/V spectrum obtained at point 462 (red line) and the analytical transfer function (black line) computed using data from Table 4. ................................................................................................ 34 4 Figure 17. Comparison between H/V spectral ratios (red lines) obtained (a) at point 132 (Caesarea 3 well) and (b) at point 131(Caesarea 2 well) and the analytical transfer functions (black lines) computed using data from Table 5. ........................................................................... 35 Figure 18. Schematic geological cross section along profile AA reconstructed on the base of H/V analysis ........................................................................................................................................... 39 Figure 19. H/V spectral ratios (black lines) and analytical transfer function (black dashed lines) for sites