BITS Research Report 99.2 September 1999 Oliver Meier Involving India and Pakistan Nuclear Arms Control and Non-proliferation after the Nuclear Tests Berlin Information-center for Transatlantic Security (BITS) Content: Executive Summary 5 Introduction 7 1 Where we are 9 1.1 The situation in India 10 1.2 The situation in Pakistan 13 1.3 Bilateral relations after the tests 15 2 International Responses 16 2.1 TheP5 19 2.2 The Western Group 24 2.3 The Non-Aligned Movement 25 2.4 States in the Asian region 25 2.5 The New Agenda Coalition 28 3 Involving India and Pakistan 31 3.1 The "pragmatists" 31 3.2 The "conservatives" 33 4 Scenarios 35 4.1 Nuclear proliferation 36 4.2 Consolidation 39 4.3 Nuclear disarmament 41 5 Recommendations 44 Documents 50 • G8 Statement on Indian Nuclear Tests, 'Regional Statements', Birmingham, UK, 15 May 1998 • Paper Laid on the Table of the House on Evolution of India's nuclear policy, New Delhi, May 27, 1998 • Text of Prime Minister Muhammad Nawaz Sharif Statement at a Press Conference on Pakistan Nuclear Tests, Islamabad, May 29, 1998 • CD Statement Delivered by New Zealand on Behalf of 47 States, Special Session of the Conference on Disarmament, Geneva, 2 June 1998 • Joint Communique of the Meeting of the Foreign Ministers of the P5, Geneva, June 4 • Security Council Resolution 1172, adopted unanimously, 6 June 1998 • 8-Nation New Nuclear Agenda Initiative, 9 June, 1998 • Towards a Nuclear Weapons-Free World: The Need for a New Agenda: Glossary • G8 Communique, London, 12 June 1998 • Resolution on nuclear testing by India and Pakistan As adopted by the European Parliament on 19 June 1998 • Final document of the 12th summit of the Non-Aligned Movement: Disarmament and International Security, Durban, South Africa, 3 September 1998 • Joint Statement by the Prime Ministers of India and Pakistan made on the sidelines of UN General Assembly in New York on 23rd September, 1998 • Memorandum of Understanding signed between foreign secretaries of India and Pakistan K. Raghunath and Shamshad Ahmad in Lahore on February 21,1999 • Joint statement issued by India and Pakistan at the conclusion of two-day visit of Indian Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee at Lahore on 21 February 1999 • Lahore Declaration signed by Prime Ministers of Pakistan and India on February 21,1999 • India's Draft Nuclear Doctrine, August 18,1999.