Centre for Sustainable Energy Teignbridge District Council Renewable Energy and Sustainable Construction Study Final Report, 7 December 2010 (Amended version) Document revision 1.1 3 St Peter’s Court www.cse.org.uk We are a national charity that shares Bedminster Parade 0117 934 1400 our knowledge and experience to Bristol [email protected] help people change the way they BS3 4AQ reg charity 298740 think and act on energy. Teignbridge Renewable Energy and Sustainable Construction Study Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................... 5 1) INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................. 5 2) SUSTAINABLE ENERGY RESOURCES IN TEIGNBRIDGE ...................................................................... 5 3) POTENTIAL FOR DISTRICT HEATING ................................................................................................. 6 4) ENERGY OPPORTUNITIES PLANS .................................................................................................... 7 5) COST OF ZERO CARBON DEVELOPMENT .......................................................................................... 8 6) POLICY IMPLEMENTATION .............................................................................................................. 9 7) CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................................................ 9 1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 13 1.1 AIM AND SCOPE OF STUDY ....................................................................................................... 13 1.2 STUDY CONTEXT ...................................................................................................................... 13 2 POLICY AND REGULATORY CONTEXT ............................................................................................ 14 2.1 NATIONAL POLICY DEVELOPMENTS ........................................................................................... 14 2.2 REGIONAL POLICY DEVELOPMENTS .......................................................................................... 19 2.3 OVERVIEW OF SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS ......................................................... 20 2.4 LOCAL POLICY – A REVIEW OF CURRENT PRACTICE ................................................................... 27 3 PLANNING POLICY OPTIONS .............................................................................................................. 28 3.1 POLICIES TO BE ASSESSED ...................................................................................................... 28 3.2 CARBON REDUCTION SCENARIOS ............................................................................................. 28 4 BASELINE EMISSIONS .......................................................................................................................... 30 4.1 EXISTING DEVELOPMENT .......................................................................................................... 30 4.2 FUTURE DEVELOPMENT ........................................................................................................... 31 5 RENEWABLE AND LOW CARBON ENERGY GENERATION OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS ................................................................................................................................................. 33 5.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 33 5.2 EXISTING LOW CARBON AND RENEWABLE ENERGY GENERATION ................................................ 34 5.3 WIND POWER .......................................................................................................................... 36 5.4 BIOMASS ................................................................................................................................ 48 5.5 HYDROPOWER ......................................................................................................................... 58 5.6 SOLAR .................................................................................................................................... 59 5.7 HEAT PUMPS ........................................................................................................................... 62 5.8 SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................... 64 6 POTENTIAL FOR DISTRICT HEATING ............................................................................................... 67 6.1 OVERVIEW .............................................................................................................................. 67 6.2 OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS ......................................................................................... 68 6.3 COSTS AND CARBON SAVINGS.................................................................................................. 69 6.4 HEAT PRIORITY AREAS ............................................................................................................. 70 7 SITE ENERGY OPPORTUNITIES ......................................................................................................... 73 7.1 STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT SITES ............................................................................................. 73 7.2 ENERGY OPPORTUNITIES PLAN ................................................................................................ 73 7.3 DEVELOPMENT SCALE ............................................................................................................. 76 7.4 ENERGY HIERARCHY AND MERTON RULE POLICIES ................................................................... 78 8 ANALYSIS OF SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION POLICY SCENARIOS .................................... 81 8.1 ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL SHLAA SITES ................................................................................... 81 8.2 COST IMPLICATIONS OF SCENARIOS ......................................................................................... 83 9 RESEARCH INTO THE COST OF ZERO CARBON DEVELOPMENT ........................................... 84 9.1 CODE FOR SUSTAINABLE HOMES ............................................................................................. 84 Centre for Sustainable Energy Page 3 of 133 Teignbridge Renewable Energy and Sustainable Construction Study 9.2 BREEAM ............................................................................................................................... 85 10 POLICY IMPLEMENTATION ............................................................................................................. 87 10.1 INTERNAL RESOURCES ............................................................................................................ 87 10.2 PROJECT FINANCING OPTIONS .................................................................................................. 87 10.3 MONITORING AND ENFORCEMENT ............................................................................................. 89 11 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................... 90 11.1 DISTRICT-WIDE SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION POLICY FOR NEW DEVELOPMENT ......................... 90 11.2 DISTRICT-WIDE TARGET FOR PERCENTAGE REDUCTION IN NEW DEVELOPMENT SITE EMISSIONS ... 92 11.3 ENERGY/CARBON TARGETS FOR STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT SITES ............................................. 93 11.4 IDENTIFICATION & PROMOTION OF SITES FOR STAND-ALONE RENEWABLE ENERGY GENERATION . 93 11.5 DISTRICT-WIDE TARGETS FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY GENERATION .............................................. 94 11.6 CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION ................................................................................................ 96 11.7 GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................................. 96 APPENDIX A. SUMMARY OF LOCAL POLICY EXAMPLES ON CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION .............................................................................................................................................................................. 98 APPENDIX B. SUMMARY OF LOCAL POLICY EXAMPLES ON CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION ............................................................................................................................................................................ 105 APPENDIX C. FLOOD RESILIENT BUILDINGS ....................................................................................... 122 APPENDIX D. CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON TEIGNBRIDGE AND THE SOUTH WEST ......... 123 APPENDIX E. LIST OF DESIGNATED AREAS IN TEIGNBRIDGE DISTRICT ................................... 133 Centre for Sustainable Energy Page 4 of 133 Teignbridge Renewable Energy and Sustainable Construction Study Executive summary 1) Introduction New development and energy infrastructure are areas where much can be done to combat and prepare for the impacts of climate change and local authorities are best placed to understand the opportunities and constraints specific to their areas. Local planning systems can therefore be used as an effective tool to