FN EE RW MS I FERMILAB AU.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY LABORATORY Buffalo 6 Photo by Reidar Hahn Volume 22 INSIDE: Friday, October 1, 1999 Number 19 2 Breaking the Bottleneck f 5 Circle Line Tour 10 Wilson Hall 13 Talk of the Lab CMS COMPUTE BREAKING THE BOTTLENECK by Mike Perricone The Atlantic Ocean effectively separated Europe and the Americas until the end of the 15th Century and the great age of exploration, and it still poses problems in this age of the Internet. In transmitting their data between America and Europe by network over the ocean, scientists in multinational collaborations find the available bandwidths are significantly narrower and slower than over land, where computer communications systems are highly developed. ÒBandwidths across the ocean are a bottleneck, and they will probably remain a bottleneck for some time,Ó said Fermilab Computing Division Head Matthias Kasemann. Until a permanent project manager is hired, Kasemann is heading up a project to establish a data sharing system between Fermilab and CERN, the European Particle Physics Laboratory, for the U.S. collaboration of the Compact Muon Computing Division Head Matthias Kasemann Solenoid detector. Fermilab will become a Regional Center for storing and (right) confers with Computing Division physicist distributing data when the CMS experiment begins generating physics results Vivian OÕDell on plans for the US/CMS regional from CERNÕs Large Hadron Collider. center at Fermilab. Kasemann estimated that the overseas bandwidths would have to be enlarged by a factor of 100 to handle the huge amounts of data generated by the CMS and ATLAS experiments at CERN. Until that expansion, the most likely method of transfer would involve recording data on tapes at CERN and flying them to Fermilab for storage in a tape robot system. Fermilab would then transmit the data electronically to the member institutions and scientists of US/CMS. The project has received initial approval and some funding from the Department of Energy and the National Science Foundation. Fermilab, the host laboratory for the U.S. collaboration building subassemblies of the CMS detector, would also become the collaborationÕs host laboratory for software, analysis and computing support. As host, Fermilab will have a continually updated copy of all the data used for analysis at CERN, and make it available to all scientists at all universities and laboratories in the U.S. collaboration of 35 institutions in 19 states. Photo by Reidar Hahn 2 FERMINEWS October 1, 1999 FERMILAB BEGINS BUILDING COMPUTING HUB The MONARC project, with a monarch butterfly FOR US/CMS COLLABORATION. logo, is assembling Models of Networked Analysis at Regional Centers for LHC Experiments. WA MT ME ND VT MN OR NH ID SD WI MI MA NY RI CT WY PA IA NE IL OH NJ NV MD DE UT WV CO IN VA CA KS MO KY NC TN AZ OK AR SC NM MS AL GA LA TX FL US/CMS MEMBERS Alabama Illinois Massachusetts New York University of Alabama Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory Boston University University of Rochester University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) Northeastern University California Northwestern University Massachusetts Institute of Technology Ohio University of California at Davis Ohio State University University of California San Diego Indiana Minnesota Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory University of Notre Dame University of Minnesota Pennsylvania University of California at Los Angeles Purdue University Carnegie Mellon University California Institute of Technology Mississippi Texas University of California at Riverside Iowa University of Mississippi Iowa State University Rice University Connecticut University of Iowa Nebraska Texas Tech University Fairfield University University of Nebraska-Lincoln University of Texas at Dallas Maryland Florida Johns Hopkins University New Jersey Virginia University of Florida University of Maryland Rutgers Virginia Polytechnic Institute Florida State University Princeton University Wisconsin University of Wisconsin FERMINEWS October 1, 1999 3 CMS CMS COMPUTE Alice LHCb TI 1 Atlas TI 2 Setting up as a regional competitive analysis. The goal is for U.S. physicists center will require about to do physics at home, and not have to live at $10 million in computer CERN, not have to keep flying there. This is equipment, equivalent important to the overall success of the experiment.Ó to that used in each of FermilabÕs experience in providing computing Fermilab is the CDF and DZero support to large collaborations made it a natural the host laboratory upgrades for Run II. for the U.S. collaboration choice as the computing hub for US/CMS. Both of DOE and NSF started contributing to the Compact FermilabÕs detector experiments, CDF and DZero, funding for the hiring Muon Solenoid detector for have between 400 and 500 collaborators, similar CERNÕs Large Hadron of computing professionals for the project, and in scale to US/CMS. Fermilab is also well practiced Collider. Kasemann estimates 30 to 35 people will in analyzing proton collisions, and the resources eventually work on the computing effort, with of the Feynman Computing Center give Fermilab many drawn from current Fermilab resources the most extensive computing infrastructure as Tevatron Run II preparations are completed. within US/CMS. The software and support have to be ready to go on the first day CMS is running, and the The challenge of what is called Òdistributed experimentÕs lifetime is projected at 15 to 20 years. computing,Ó however, extends into realms beyond the technical tasks of making computing data and ÒNow weÕre really entering into a long-term tools timely and useful for a large number of far- relationship between the collaboration, the flung scientists. As a computing hub, Fermilab will Laboratory and the funding agencies,Ó said be storing all data generated from CERN, providing FermilabÕs Dan Green, Project Manager for all scientists with the opportunity to work with all US/CMS. ÒYou can build a detector, but the the results. Physics data easily and necessarily ultimate aim is to do physics with that detector.Ó crosses national borders, offering a potential Because the scale of the computing needs for conflict with efforts in the U.S. aimed at restricting the LHC experiments seemed to exceed its access by foreign scientists to U.S. computers. capabilities, CERN initiated a project called ÒIt is always the understanding in every MONARCÑan acronym for Models of Networked international collaboration that every scientist Analysis at Regional Centers. Under the MONARC has access to all the potential physics data model, each major collaborating country will set of an experiment,Ó said Kasemann, who is from up what is called a Tier 1 regional center for Germany. ÒThis is a very sensitive point in how data storage and analysis, and for support of high energy physics works, and how we work the collaboration members. Brookhaven National together. ItÕs completely impossible to limit Laboratory on Long Island, New York, is the host access, and say that certain nationalities or certain for the US collaboration on ATLAS. Other regional members cannot have access to data. That makes centers will be set up in France, Italy, England and the whole idea of working together in collaborations Japan for one or both of the experiments, and like CMS, CDF and DZero impossible.Ó discussions are underway for a possible regional center in Germany. The concept of the regional Kasemann emphasized that only multinational center grew from the goal of having data and collaborations can build the experiments and analysis tools close to the scientists who need it. analyze the seas of data they generate. ÒThis takes us all the way from soup to nuts,Ó ÒThese are world experiments,Ó Green added. Green continued. ÒIn the past, youÕd typically have ÒIn order to do them, you have to use the to be where an experiment is running to do any resources of all the countries involved.Ó 4 FERMINEWS October 1, 1999 CIRCLE LINE TOUR by Sharon Butler This is not a pub crawl at each of the tube stops along LondonÕs Circle Line. And itÕs not a circumnavigation of Manhattan island, the Circle Line Photo by Reidar Hahn New YorkÕs BEST Sightseeing Tour its promoters bill as AmericaÕs best boat ride. Paul Grannis and Entertainment Cruises This is a series of high-brow, technical talks on the physics possibilities at potential future acceleratorsÑwhether the circular muon or the very large hadron collider, or some form of linear electron collider. The series began on September 9 and 10 with talks by Ian Hinchliffe and Michael Peskin on prospects for studying supersymmetry at the LHC, the collider now under construction at CERN, and a linear collider. These experts were plied with questions beforehand, and their responses were posted on the Énot the Web as background, along with links to relevant scientific papers. The schedule for the talks allows two hours for presentation and extensive discussion. London The physics that scientists want to investigate will determine the outlines of a future collider, said Paul Grannis and Chris Quigg, the tourÕs organizers. underground Practical and political considerations will have a bearing on the issue, of course. Is a muon collider even feasible? Is a very large hadron collider affordable? How long will construction take? Can the international community come or the together on which project to undertake? Will Congress and the governments of other countries provide the requisite funding? No matter which collider is Manhattan contemplated, numerous technical questions, as well as economic constraints, need to be addressed. In fact, many discussions have already taken place on practical problems. skyline, But, said Grannis, Òuntil you get a good consensus on the physics youÕre after, the research community wonÕt line up behind any particular collider.Ó but the Discussing the physics at a collider even more advanced than the LHC is complicated by the unknown.