Contents German Pronunciation &Accents Geo-social Applications of the Natural Phonetics & Tonetics Method 9 1. Foreword 10 The meaning of International German 11 Why doing Phonetics? H Typography & canlPA symbols 17 2. Pronunciation & Phonetics 20 7he Phonetic Method 29 3- The phono-articulatory apparatus 33 The vocalfolds 3« Resonators (five cavities) 39 The lips 43 4- The Classification of sounds 47 5- Vowels & vocoids 52 7he vowels & diphthongs of international German 55 6. Consonants & contoids 56 Places and manners of articulation 59 7- The consonants of international German 59 Nasals 60 Stops 61 Stop-strictives (or 'affricates') 62 Constrictives (or fricatives') 63 Approximants 64 Laterals 65 8. Structures 65 Taxophonics 69 Stress 75 9- Reduced forms 87 10. Intonation «9 Tunings 90 Protunes 90 Tunes 93 German intonation 99 11. Some texts in phonotonetic transcription (3 http://d-nb.info/1053287356 6 German Pronunciation & Accents Native accents 105 12. Neutral German pronunciation 105 Vowels & Diphthongs 111 Consonants 112 Nasals 116 Stops 122 Stop-strictives (or affricates') 123 Constrictives (or 'fricatives') 126 Approximants 126 Laterals 127 Intonation 129 13- Traditional German pronunciation 133 14. Mediatic German pronunciation 143 15- North-east Germany 149 16. Austria 155 17- Switzerland 163 18. South Tyrol (or Alto Adige, Italy) Regional accents 171 19- Germany (18) 179 Far North-west (Schleswig-Holstein: Kiel) 181 North Saxony (Hamburg) 183 yffestphalia (Düsseldorf) 185 North Rhenia (Essen) 187 Eastphalia (Hannover) 18p Mecklenburg (Rostock) lpo Brandenburg (Berlin) 194 Middle Rhenia (Cologne/Köln) 198 South Rhenia (Trier) 199 Hesse (Frankfurt) 201 Palatinate (Mannheim) 202 'Thuringia (Erfurt) 204 Saxony (Dresden) 208 Franconia (Würzburg) 211 South Franconia (Karlsuhe) 213 Swabia (Stuttgart) 216 Baden (Freiburg) 218 North Bavaria (Amberg) 220 Bavaria (Munich/München) 223 20. Austria (9) 223 Salzburg (Salzburg City) 225 West Danubia (Linz) 227 Middle Danubia (Pöchlarn) 228 East Danubia (Wien) 231 Burgenland (Eisenstadt) 233 Styria (Graz) 235 Carinthia (Klagenfurt) 237 Tyrol (Innsbruck) 2 39 Vorarlberg (Bregenz) o. Contents 7 241 21. Switzerland (7) 241 North-east Switzerland (Zürich) 244 North-west Switzerland (Basel) 246 South-west Switzerland (Bern) 248 South-east Switzerland (Chur) 250 French-speaking Switzerland German accent (Geneva) 252 Italian-speaking Switzerland German accent (Ticino: Bellinzona) 254 Romansch-speaking Switzerland German accent (Grishun: St Moritz) Appendixes 257 22. German-speaking areas in other Countries (5) 257 Liechtenstein 259 Alsace (France) 261 Lorraine (France) 263 Luxemburg 265 East Wallonia (Belgium) 267 23. Some dialects (9 + 5) 267 BavariajBayern (München) 268 ViennafWien 269 Zürich/Zürich 2 70 South Tyrol/Südtirol (North-east ltaly) 2 71 Trentino (North-east ltaly) Mocheno/Mochenische 272 Friuli/Friaul (North-east ltaly) Sauran/Zahrisch 272 Veneto/Venetien (North-east ltaly) Cimbrian/Zimbrisch 273 Alsace/Elsass 273 Luxemburg 2 74 The vowel Systems of five other dialects, within Germany: 2 74 Plattdeutsch (or'West Saxon) 276 Saxon 276 Colognian 277 Hessian 278 Swabian 279 24. Some foreign accents (16) 280 Turkish 282 Arabic 285 Greek (& Cypriot) 2 88 Italian 291 Spanish 294 Portuguese 297 French 300 Romanian (&Moldavian) 302 Polish 3 04 Czech (& Slovak) 306 Bulgarian 307 'Yugoslavian: Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, Macedonian, Slovenian 309 Russian (& Ukrainian & Belarussian) 311 Hungarian 313 English 315 Dutch 317 Chinese 8 German Pronunciation & Accents 321 25. Some diachronic stages (6) 321 Proto-Germanic 322 Gothic 322 Old Eastern Franconian 323 Old Northern German (or Old Saxon, or Old 'Low' German) 324 Old Southern German (or Old 'High' German) 324 Middle Southern German {or Middle 'High' German) 325 26. Mini-phono-dictionary 357 27. Annotated bibliography 363 Official IPA chart .