Reconstruction of sea-surface temperatures in the Canary Islands during Marine Isotope Stage 11 Thibault Clauzel, Chloé Maréchal, François Fourel, Abel Barral, Romain Amiot, Juan-Francisco Betancort, Alejandro Lomoschitz, Joaquín Meco, Christophe Lécuyer To cite this version: Thibault Clauzel, Chloé Maréchal, François Fourel, Abel Barral, Romain Amiot, et al.. Reconstruc- tion of sea-surface temperatures in the Canary Islands during Marine Isotope Stage 11. Quaternary Research, Elsevier, 2020, 94, pp.195-209. 10.1017/qua.2019.65. hal-02991824 HAL Id: hal-02991824 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02991824 Submitted on 17 Nov 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. 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Published by Cambridge University Press, 2019. doi:10.1017/qua.2019.65 1 58 2 59 3 60 4 Reconstruction of sea-surface temperatures in the Canary Islands 61 5 62 6 during Marine Isotope Stage 11 63 7 64 8 65 9 66 10 67 11 68 12 Thibault Clauzela , Chloé Maréchalb, François Fourelc, Abel Barrala, Romain Amiota, Juan-Francisco Betancortd, 69 13Q1 Alejandro Lomoschitze, Joaquín Mecod, Christophe Lécuyera*§ 70 14 aLaboratoire de Géologie de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5276, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France 71 b 15 Observatoire des Sciences de l’Univers de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, France 72 cLaboratoire d’Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, CNRS UMR 5023, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, France 16 73 dDepartamento de Biología, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain 17 eInstituto de Oceanografía y Cambio Global, Unidad Asociada de Investigación, desarrollo e innovación al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 74 18 Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain 75 *Corresponding author e-mail address: [email protected] (C. Lécuyer). 19 76 Abstract 20 77 21 The study of paleoclimates enables us to improve and better constrain climate models in order to forecast future climate 78 22 variations. Marine Isotope Stage 11 (MIS11), which began around 425,000 yr BP and lasted about 65,000 yr, is a warm 79 23 isotope stage of paramount importance, because the astronomical configuration was similar to the one characterizing the 80 24 Holocene. Therefore, this warm isotope stage is the most appropriate analog to present-day climate known to date. This 81 25 study aims to provide new data on sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) inferred from the carbon and oxygen isotope compositions 82 26 of skeletal carbonates of marine invertebrates preserved in two marine deposits of the Canary Islands located at Piedra Alta, 83 Lanzarote, and Arucas, Gran Canaria. According to published isotopic fractionation equations the marine deposit from Aru- 27 84 cas recorded SSTs of 15.9 ± 2.2°C on average, while the tsunamite from Piedra Alta recorded SSTs of 21.2 ± 1.9°C on aver- 28 85 age. Absolute dating, mollusc assemblages, and calculated marine temperatures suggest that the Arucas marine deposit 29 corresponds to the beginning of MIS11, while the Piedra Alta tsunamite was formed during MIS11c. These results show 86 30 that low latitudes also experienced sizable SST changes during interglacial stages. 87 31 88 Keywords: Stable isotope; Sea-surface temperature; Tsunami; Mollusc; Canary archipelago; MIS11; Climate change 32 89 33 90 34 91 35 INTRODUCTION Paleontological, geochemical, and sedimentological 92 36 records reveal climate variations between cold and warm 93 The fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on 37 stages for the last 3 Ma. For the last million year, since the 94 Climate Change (IPCC, 2014) reported a global increase in 38 mid-Pleistocene transition (Medina-Elizalde and Lea, 95 average mean annual temperatures of + 0.85°C between 39 2005), the cold stages lasted around 100,000 yr. The glacial 96 1880 and 2012, each decade being warmer than the previous 40 and interglacial stages of the last million years, which are 97 one. This increase in temperature, associated with the melting 41 called Marine Isotope Stages (MIS), arouse much interest 98 of the northern ice cap and the rise of global sea level, consti- 42 (e.g., Augustin et al., 2004; Tzedakis, 2010; Robinson 99 tutes the central concern of global climate change. Conse- 43 et al., 2017), because they could contribute to our understand- 100 quently, there is a need to predict the evolution of global 44 ing of the climate dynamics of the Holocene (MIS1) and, 101 climate through the use of numerical models ranging from 45 especially, the evolution of an interglacial stage devoid of 102 simple energy-balance models to complex Earth system mod- 46 any anthropic influence and its consequent impact upon eco- 103 els (Flato et al., 2013). Paleoclimatic data obtained from var- 47 systems and coastal geomorphology. Many studies have been 104 ious proxies coming from sedimentary archives of 48 devoted to two interglacial stages, MIS5e (Oppo et al., 2006; 105 interglacial stages are necessary to affix boundary conditions 49 Jouzel et al., 2007) and MIS11c, the latter being usually con- 106 to such numerical models. 50 sidered as the best analog to Holocene climate change (Drox- 107 51 ler et al., 2003; Loutre and Berger, 2003). Indeed, MIS11 and 108 52 MIS1 share the same configuration of orbital parameters: low 109 53 §Also at Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France. eccentricity, low precession, and weak variations in insola- 110 54 Cite this article: Clauzel, T., Maréchal, C., Fourel, F., Barral, A., Amiot, tion. MIS11c, which is an interglacial stage within the 111 55 R., Betancort, J.-F., Lomoschitz, A., Meco, J., Lécuyer, C. 2019. MIS11 warm isotope stage, lasted a long time (around 112 Reconstruction of sea-surface temperatures in the Canary Islands during 56 Marine Isotope Stage 11. Quaternary Research 1–15. https://doi.org/ 27,000 to 30,000 yr) compared with other interglacial stages 113 57 10.1017/qua.2019.65 such as MIS9e (≈12,000 yr) and MIS5e (≈13,000 yr) 114 1 2 T. Clauzel et al. 115 according to Shackleton (1967), Howard (1997), McManus Radiometer (AVHRR) and estimated an average SST close 172 116 et al. (2003), Augustin et al. (2004), and Prokopenko et al. to 20.5°C. Comparable average SSTs close to 20.3°C were 173 117 (2010). Candy et al. (2014) performed a global review of published by DeCastro et al. (2014) for the Moroccan subre- 174 118 the climate characteristics of the MIS11 warm isotope gion during the period 1982–2012. Such temperature esti- 175 119 stage. In the framework of our study, it is worth noting that mates have been based on the National Oceanic and 176 2 120 the record of δ H in ice cores of Dome C in Antarctica (75° Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) high-resolution anal- 177 ′ ′ 121 06 S, 123°20 E) (Augustin et al., 2004; Jouzel et al., 2007) yses of daily SST. Gómez-Letona et al. (2017) estimated a 178 122 indicates that the air temperature optimum during MIS11c SST of 20.3°C for the coastal waters of the Canary archipel- 179 123 was around 3°C higher than today, although this surface tem- ago, using daily Reynolds analyses that combine AVHRR 180 124 perature change refers to the high latitudes of the Northern and in situ data.