International Journal of Research and Review www.ijrrjournal.com E-ISSN: 2349-9788; P-ISSN: 2454-2237 Review Article Oil Extraction and Perfume Formulation from Plants: A Review S. J. Kulkarni Datta Meghe College of Engineering, Airoli, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. Received: 21/10/2016 Revised: 16/11/2016 Accepted: 16/11/2016 ABSTRACT Perfume industries are growing in demand as the living standards are improving day by day. There is increasing demand for perfumes. They mask the body odor. Various methods such as solvent extraction, hydro distillation and enfleurag can be used for oil extraction. Distillation based recovery processes such as steam and vacuum distillation are preferred for the extraction of essential oils from plant materials. Other methods include solvent extraction, expression or enfleurage. The current review summarizes research on various methods for oil extraction and perfume formation from various raw materials. Key words: Distillation, extraction, yield, essential oil, solvent. INTRODUCTION and animal substances are traditionally used Fragrance oil(s) are also known as for perfume formation. Essential oils, pure aroma oils, aromatic oils, and flavor oils. grain oil and water are three key ingredients They are synthetic aroma compounds or in relation to perfume making. Essential natural essential oils that are diluted with a oils, or volatile oils, are found in many carrier like propylene glycol, vegetable oil, different plants. Investigations are reported or mineral oil. Perfume is a mixture of on oil extraction by distillation for fragrant essential oils or aroma compounds, modification and optimization. [1,2] Various fixatives and solvents. It gives a pleasant analytical and physical aspects have been scent to the human body, animals, food, investigated by various investigators. [3-5] In objects, and living-spaces. Perfume give the current review, the summery on research pleasant feeling and increases enthusiasm to carried out for perfume and essential oil perform better at workplaces. Many plant extraction from various sources is presented. extracts are very important from therapeutical perspectives. Extracts of REVIEW ON OIL EXTRACTION AND biologically active components isolated PERFUME FORMULATION FROM from plant species finds numerous PLANTS applications in perfume, aroma and Extraction of essential oil of pharmaceutical industries. A perfume is lemongrass by microwave-assisted hydro composed of three notes, namely base note, distillation (MAHD) and solvent free middle note and top note. Smell of fragrance microwave extraction (SFME) method was after drying is referred as base note. Mixing carried out by Singh et.al. [6] Their of perfume with unique body chemistry investigation included studies on effects of forms middle note. The first smell various parameters like microwave power, experienced in an aroma is top note. Plant irradiation time and sample particle size. International Journal of Research & Review (www.gkpublication.in) 56 Vol.3; Issue: 11; November 2016 S. J. Kulkarni. Oil Extraction and Perfume Formulation from Plants: A Review They observed an increase in oil yield with carried out an investigation on formulation increasing microwave power, irradiation of perfume from lemongrass. [13] They used time and decreasing particle size. An three methods namely solvent extraction, investigation on the effects of three maturity hydro distillation and enfleurage for oil stages at harvest of lemongrass on essential extraction. Their research indicated that oil oil, chemical composition and citral was not instantly extracted. Wetting or contents was carried out by Tajidin et.al. [7] swelling of the grass inside the distillation They observed that maturity stage at harvest still consumes 10-15 minutes. They is influenced by essential oil and citral observed that the yield in solvent extraction contents. Their studies pointed out that it is method was greater than the yield obtained important to harvest at the appropriate level from steam distillation. Experiments and of maturity in order to achieve high quality modeling for extraction of the Cymbopogon essential oil. Wany et.al reviewed chemical winterianus essential oil extraction by steam analysis and therapeutic uses of citronella distillation were carried out by Cassel et.al. oil from cymbopogon winterianus. [8] [14] Cultivated Cymbopogon winterianus, According to them there are several possible (Jowitt) and C. citratus (DC) (STAPF) were varieties of Citronella which consistently also used with satisfactory results by gave oils of composition different to either Chagonda wt.al. [15] Moncada et.al studied Ceylon type or Java type. This review techno-economic and environmental provided an insight into chemical assessment of essential oil extraction from composition and the extent to which the citronella (cymbopogon winteriana) and main constituents varies in proportion. Two lemongrass (cymbopogon citrus) [16] methods, viz. microwave-assisted hydro- distillation (MAHD) and conventional CONCLUSION hydro distillation (HD) for extraction of Various methods such as solvent Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) extraction, hydro distillation and enfleurag essential oil were used by Ranitha et.al. [9] can be used for oil extraction. Various They observed that MAHD method analytical and physical aspects are provided a better alternative. Ain et.al investigated by various investigators. investigated use of lemongrass Essential oils, pure grain oil and water are (Cymbopogon citratus) oleoresin in three key ingredients in relation to perfume pressurized liquid extraction (PLE). [10] making. Essential oils, or volatile oils, are They found optimized operating conditions found in many different plants. Distillation as 167°C, a pressure of 1203 psi and a static based recovery processes such as steam and time of 20.43 min. Oloyede carried out an vacuum distillation are preferred for the investigation on antibacterial activity of extraction of essential oils from plant aqueous extract of Cymbopogon citratus materials. leaves. [11] He also studied chemical composition of aqueous extract of REFERENCES Cymbopogon citratus leaves. He observed 1. M. Idrees , T. A. Dar, M. Naeem, Tariq that Cymbopogon citratus leaves could be Aftab, M. M. A. Khan, A. Ali, Moin considered safe and good as a therapeutic Uddin, and L. Varshney, “Effects of agent. Amenaghawon et.al steam distilled gamma-irradiated sodium alginate on lemongrass: field trials monitoring Lemon Grass (Cymbopogon Spp.). They [12] production of essential oil”, Ind. Crops studied modeling and the kinetic aspects. Products, 2015, 63, 269-275. They found that extraction was not 2. J. B. Cannon, C. L. Cantrell, T. instantaneous. They also observed that the Astatkie, and V. D. Zheljazkov, yield can be improved by using loose “Modification of yield and composition packing of the plant material within the of essential oils by distillation time”, steam distillation equipment. Mane et.al Ind. Crops Products, 2013, 41, 214-220. International Journal of Research & Review (www.gkpublication.in) 57 Vol.3; Issue: 11; November 2016 S. J. Kulkarni. Oil Extraction and Perfume Formulation from Plants: A Review 3. Guenther, E., Kulka, K., and Rogers, J. Chemical Engineering and “Essential Oils and Related Products”, Applications, 2014, 5(2), 104-108. Analytical Chemistry, 1963, 35(5), 39- 10. Nur Ain. A. H., Zaibunnisa, A. H., 58. Halimahton Zahrah, M. S. and 4. Benyoussef, E. H., Hasni, S., Belabbes, Norashikin, S., “An experimental design R., and Bessiere, J. M., “Modelling of approach for the extraction of mass transfer during extraction of the lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oil of coriander fruits”, oleoresin using pressurised liquid Chemical Engineering Journal, 2002, extraction (PLE)”, International Food 85(1), 1-5. Research Journal, 2013, 20(1),451-455. 5. Guan Wenqiang, Li Shufen, Yan 11. Omotade I. Oloyede, “Chemical profile Ruixian, Tang Shaokun, Quan Can, “ and antimicrobial activity of Comparison of essential oils of clove Cymbopogon citratus leaves”, Journal buds extracted with supercritical carbon of Natural Products, 2009, 2, 98-103. dioxide and other three traditional 12. N. A. Amenaghawon, K. E. extraction methods”, Food Chemistry, Okhueleigbe, S. E. Ogbeide, and C. O. 2007, 101, 1558-1564. Okieimen, “Modelling the Kinetics of 6. Neeraj Singh, Prashant Shrivastava and Steam Distillation of Essential Oils Mumtaj Shah, “Microwave-assisted from Lemon Grass (Cymbopogon extraction of lemongrass essential oil: Spp.)”, International Journal of Applied Study of the influence of extraction Science and Engineering, 2014, 12(2), method and process parameters on 107-115. extraction process”, Journal of 13. Venkat S. Mane, Dilip D Rajguru, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, Prajakta R. Pawar, Rukhsar G. Shaikh, 2014, 6(11), 385-389. “Formulation Of Perfume From 7. Tajidin, N. E., Ahmad, S. H, Rosenani, Lamongrass”, Proceedings of 28th IRF A. B., Azimah, H. and Munirah, M., International Conference, 7th June “Chemical composition and citral 2015, Pune, India, 56-60. content in lemongrass (Cymbopogon 14. Cassel, E., Vargas, R.M.F., citratus) essential oil at three maturity “Experiments and Modeling of the stages”, African Journal of Cymbopogon winterianus Essential Oil Biotechnology, 2012, 11(11), 2685- Extraction by Steam Distillation”, J. 2693. Mex. Chem. Soc., 2006, 50(3), 126-129. 8. Aakanksha Wany, Shivesh Jha, Vinod 15. Chagonda, L.S., Makanda, CH., Kumar Nigam and Dev Mani Pandey, Chalchat, J.C.,