Appendix E. Cultural and Tribal Cultural Resources Technical Report This page intentionally left blank. Cultural and Tribal Cultural Resources Technical Report for the Land Use, Mobility, and Environmental Justice Elements for the City of El Centro General Plan, Environmental Impact Report, El Centro, California Submitted to: City of El Centro Community Development Department 1275 W. Main Street El Centro, CA 92243 (760) 337-4545 Prepared for: Kristin Blackson Harris & Associates 600 B Street, Suite 2000 San Diego, CA 92101 (619) 814-9532 Prepared by: Shelby Gunderman Castells, M.A., RPA Director of Archaeology Spencer Bietz Senior Archaeologist Red Tail Environmental 1529 Simpson Way Escondido, CA 92029 (760) 294-3100 February 2021 Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE NATIONAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL DATABASE INFORMATION ........................ iv EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................... v 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 7 1.1 PURPOSE OF STUDY ...........................................................................................7 1.2 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ..............................................................................7 1.2.1 Federal Regulations ......................................................................................7 1.2.2 State Regulations ........................................................................................10 1.2.3 Imperial County Regulations .......................................................................13 1.2.4. City of El Centro Regulations ..........................................................................14 1.3 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...................................................................................15 1.3.1 Project Background .....................................................................................15 1.3.2 General Plan Update Project Features ........................................................15 1.4 PROJECT LOCATION .........................................................................................18 1.5 PROJECT PERSONNEL......................................................................................18 2. SETTING ....................................................................................................... 25 2.1 NATURAL SETTING ............................................................................................25 2.1.1 Current Environmental Conditions ....................................................................25 2.1.2 Salton Basin Geology and Past Environmental Conditions...............................25 2.1.3 Lake Cahuilla ...................................................................................................26 2.2 CULTURAL SETTING ..........................................................................................29 2.2.1 Prehistoric Period ........................................................................................29 2.2.2 Ethnohistoric Period ....................................................................................31 2.2.3 Historic Period.............................................................................................33 3. METHODS .................................................................................................... 37 3.1 RECORD SEARCHES .........................................................................................37 3.1.1 South Coastal Information Center ...............................................................37 3.1.2 Additional Database Searches ....................................................................37 3.1.3 Native American Heritage Commission .......................................................37 3.2 ARCHIVAL RESEARCH ......................................................................................37 3.3 TRIBAL CULTURAL RESOURCES .....................................................................37 4. RESULTS ...................................................................................................... 39 4.1 RECORD SEARCH RESULTS.............................................................................39 4.1.1 SCIC Record Search Results ......................................................................39 4.1.2 Additional Database Searches ....................................................................51 4.1.3 NAHC Record Search Results ....................................................................57 4.2 ARCHIVAL RESEARCH RESULTS .....................................................................57 4.3 TRIBAL CULTURAL RESOURCES RESULTS ....................................................61 5. CULTURAL RESOURCE CONSTRAINTS ANALYSIS ............................... 62 6. POTENTIAL IMPACTS TO CULTURAL RESOURCES .............................. 65 6.1 ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES IMPACT ANALYSIS ....................................65 El Centro LUMEJ – Cultural and Tribal Cultural Resources i Table of Contents 6.1.1 Thresholds of Significance for Archaeological Resources ................................65 6.1.2 Impacts to Archaeological Resources ..............................................................65 6.2 NATIVE AMERICAN HUMAN REMAINS IMPACT ANALYSIS .............................65 6.2.1 Thresholds of Significance for Human Remains ...............................................65 6.2.2 Impacts to Human Remains .............................................................................66 6.3 BUILT ENVIRONMENT RESOURCES IMPACT ANALYSIS ................................66 6.3.1 Thresholds of Significance for Built Environment Resources ............................66 6.3.2 Impacts to Built Environment Resources ..........................................................66 6.4 TRIBAL CULTURAL RESOURCES IMPACT ANALYSIS .....................................67 6.4.1 Thresholds of Significance for Tribal Cultural Resources .................................67 6.4.2 Impacts to Tribal Cultural Resources ...............................................................67 7. RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................... 68 7.1 RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ..............................................................................68 7.2 MITIGATION MEASURES ...................................................................................68 7.2.1 Mitigation Measure CULT-1: Site Specific Cultural Resources Study and Evaluation of Resources ...........................................................................................69 7.2.2 Mitigation Measure CULT-2: Avoidance and Preservation of Cultural Resources ................................................................................................................69 7.2.3 Mitigation Measure CULT-3: Archaeological and Native American Monitoring Program ....................................................................................................................69 7.2.4 Mitigation Measure CULT-4: Identification and Treatment of Human Remains .70 7.2.5 Mitigation Measure CULT-5: Identification and Evaluation of Built Environment Resources ................................................................................................................71 7.2.6 Mitigation Measure CULT-6: Additional Mitigation for Built Environment Resources ................................................................................................................71 8. REFERENCES .............................................................................................. 72 APPENDICES ..................................................................................................... 79 APPENDIX A: RESUMES .............................................................................................81 APPENDIX B: SCIC RECORD SEARCH CONFIRMATION ..........................................83 APPENDIX C: NAHC CORRESPONDENCE .................................................................84 APPENDIX D: CONFIDENTIAL MAPS, CULTURAL RESOURCE LOCATIONS (provided separately) .....................................................................................................85 LIST OF TABLES Page Table 1. Previously Conducted Cultural Resources Studies within the City of El Centro and its Sphere of Influence (SOI) ............................................................................................. 39 Table 2. Previously Recorded Cultural Resources within the City of El Centro and its Sphere of Influence ...................................................................................................................... 43 Table 3. Previously Recorded Historic Addresses within the City of El Centro and its Sphere of Influence ...................................................................................................................... 51 Table 4. Resources Listed in the BERD within 0.25-Miles of the Project Area......................................... 54 Table 5. Cultural Resources Eligible for or Listed on the NRHP, CRHR, California Point of Interest, or Local Importance within the Project Area ..................................................... 62 El Centro LUMEJ – Cultural and Tribal Cultural Resources Table of Contents LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 1. Project vicinity map. ................................................................................................................ 19 Figure 2. Project area,