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Geological Survey, Earth Science Information Center 101 Twelfth Ave., Box 12 • STENNIS SPACE CENTER, Mississippi-Bldg .3101 Fairbanks, AK 99701 The Diatom Genus Actinocyclus in the Western United States J. Platt Bradbury and William N. Krebs, Editors A. Actinocyclus (Bacillariophyta) Species from Lacustrine Miocene Deposits of the Western United States By J. Platt Bradbury and William N. Krebs B. Geologic Ranges of Lacustrine Actinocyclus Species, Western United States By William N. Krebs and J. Platt Bradbury U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1543A-B UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1995 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Robert M. Hirsch, Acting Director For sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Map Distribution Box 25286, MS 306, Federal Center Denver, CO 80225 Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The Diatom genus Actinocyclus in the Western United States / J. Platt Bradbury and William N. Krebs, editors. p. cm.—(U.S. Geological Survey professional paper ; 1543) Includes bibliographical references Contents: A. Actinocyclus (Bacillariophyta) species from lacustrine Miocene deposits of the Western United States / by J. Platt Bradbury and William N. Krebs— B. Geologic ranges of lacustrine Actinocyclus species, Western United States / by William N. Krebs and J. Platt Bradbury. Supt. of Docs, no.: I19.16:P1543A&B. 1. Actinocyclus, Fossil—West (U.S.) 2. Paleobotany—Miocene. II. Krebs, William N. III. Series. QE955.D53 1993 561'.93—dc20 93-35637 CIP CONTENTS [Letters designate the chapters] (A) Actinocyclus (Bacillariophyta) species from lacustrine Miocene deposits of the West­ ern United States, by J. Platt Bradbury and William N. Krebs (B) Geologic ranges of lacustrine Actinocyclus species, Western United States, by William N. Krebs and J. Platt Bradbury Actinocyclus (Bacillariophyta) Species from Lacustrine Miocene Deposits of the Western United States By J. Platt Bradbury and William N. Krebs THE DIATOM GENUS ACTINOCYCLUS IN THE WESTERN UNITED STATES U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1543-A UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1995 CONTENTS Abstract.......................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction.................................................................................................................... 1 Acknowledgments.......................................................................................................... 1 Materials and methods ................................................................................................... 2 Choice of generic epithet................................................................................................ 2 Key for separation of some nonmarine species of Actinocyclus.................................... 3 Systematic descriptions.................................................................................................. 4 Paleoecology of Miocene lacustrine Actinocyclus......................................................... 13 References...................................................................................................................... 14 Index............................................................................................................................... 68 PLATES [Plates follow references] 1. Actinocyclus acanthus .................................................................................................................../............................. 21 2. Actinocyclus cedrus......... ............................................................................................................................................ 23 3. Actinocyclus cedrus..................................................................................................................................................... 25 4. Actinocyclus cedrus and Actinocyclus c/av/o/M5.......................................................................................................... 27 5. Actinocyclus claviolus and Actinocyclus CM/?reMs......................................................................................................~ 29 6. Actinocyclus sp. cf. A cupreus and Actinocyclus «/jr«n^r,gj7..................................................................................... 31 7. Actinocyclus ehrenbergii and Actinocyclus grobunovii .............................................................................................. 33 8. Actinocyclus kanitzii, Actinocyclus krasskei, and Actinocyclus tubulosus.................................................................. 35 9. Actinocyclus krosskei and Actinocyclus mon'/w........................................................................................................... 37 10. Actinocyclus motilis............................ ......................................................................................................................... 39 11. Actinocyclus motilis and Actinocyclus nebulosus................... ..................................................................................... 41 12. Actinocyclus nebulosus, Actinocyclus normanii f. subsalsa, and Actinocyclus pinnulus............................................ 43 13. Actinocyclus pinnulus, Actinocyclus sp. cf. A. pinnulus, and Actinocyclus theleus........ ............................................ 45 14. Actinocyclus theleus, Coscinodiscus (^Actinocyclus) variabilis, and Actinocyclus venenosus .................................. 47 15. Actinocyclus venenosus ............................................................................................................................................... 49 VII ACTINOCYCLUS (BACILLARIOPHYTA) SPECIES FROM LACUSTRINE MIOCENE DEPOSITS OF THE WESTERN UNITED STATES By J. PLATT BRADBURY and WILLIAM N. KREBS ABSTRACT United States suggest that some of the forms have biochron- ologic value. Preliminary information about the geologic distribution of related taxa in other parts of the world indi­ Species of the diatom genus Actinocyclus Ehrenberg cates that this group may have potential for use in a world­ were important constituents of lacustrine phytoplankton in wide lacustrine diatom biochronology. the Western United States