Actors against Trafficking for Labour Exploitation Report on Cooperation between Stakeholders at the National Level in the countries of the Baltic Sea region to Address Trafficking for Labour Exploitation Written by: Stella Rössborn Council of the Baltic Sea States (CBSS) Secretariat Bjarney Friðriksdóttir, Anna Ekstedt, Anthony Jay, Vineta Polatside This study was produced with funding from the Task Force against Trafficking in Human Beings. This publication has not been formally edited © The Council of the Baltic Sea States, January 2013 2 The aim of the study is to obtain an overview national level in each member state. The of the different actors who are currently report has been designed to present an involved in the work of combating and overview of relevant actors and mandates; preventing trafficking for labour exploitation. governmental as well as non-governmental. It Actors have occasionally also been included further analyses the current forms of who have a significant potential to be involved cooperation, in terms of mechanisms in place in this work. In addition, the study has as well as relevant policies and legislation. analysed existing resources and structures, primarily for cooperation at the national level. The findings are based mainly on the expertise and experience of national actors currently This work was a necessary starting point working on the issue of trafficking for labour in identifying existing resources as well as exploitation and forced labour. As such, the challenges encountered by different actors report is meant to capture resources as well as at the national level. The results have been challenges as they are perceived and identified compiled into the report which will serve as a by the relevant national actors, according to starting point and as a basis for dialogue at the the individual context in that specific country. TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................ 6 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 11 METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................................................ 12 DENMARK ................................................................................................................................. 13 FINDINGS ....................................................................................................................................... 13 ACTORS AND MANDATES ................................................................................................................... 13 COOPERATION ................................................................................................................................. 16 CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................................................. 19 ESTONIA ................................................................................................................................... 21 FINDINGS ....................................................................................................................................... 21 ACTORS AND MANDATES ................................................................................................................... 21 COOPERATION ................................................................................................................................. 24 CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................................................. 26 FINLAND ................................................................................................................................... 29 FINDINGS ....................................................................................................................................... 29 ACTORS AND MANDATES ................................................................................................................... 29 COOPERATION ................................................................................................................................. 33 CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................................................. 37 GERMANY ................................................................................................................................. 39 FINDINGS ....................................................................................................................................... 39 ACTORS AND MANDATES ................................................................................................................... 39 COOPERATION ................................................................................................................................. 42 CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................................................. 46 ICELAND .................................................................................................................................... 49 FINDINGS ....................................................................................................................................... 49 ACTORS AND MANDATES ................................................................................................................... 49 COOPERATION ................................................................................................................................. 50 CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................................................. 52 LATVIA ...................................................................................................................................... 55 FINDINGS ....................................................................................................................................... 55 ACTORS AND MANDATES ................................................................................................................... 55 COOPERATION ................................................................................................................................. 57 CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................................................. 61 LITHUANIA ................................................................................................................................ 63 FINDINGS ....................................................................................................................................... 63 ACTORS AND MANDATES ................................................................................................................... 63 COOPERATION ................................................................................................................................. 65 CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................................................. 67 NORWAY .................................................................................................................................. 69 FINDINGS ....................................................................................................................................... 69 ACTORS AND MANDATES ................................................................................................................... 69 COOPERATION ................................................................................................................................. 73 CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................................................. 77 POLAND .................................................................................................................................... 80 FINDINGS ....................................................................................................................................... 80 ACTORS AND MANDATES ................................................................................................................... 80 COOPERATION ................................................................................................................................. 83 CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................................................. 87 THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION ....................................................................................................... 89 FINDINGS ....................................................................................................................................... 89 ACTORS AND MANDATES ................................................................................................................... 89 COOPERATION ................................................................................................................................. 91 CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................................................. 93 SWEDEN ..................................................................................................................................