Christian Artistic Periods 1. Early Christian 300 2. Byzantine 500 3. Early Medieval 600 4. Carolingian/Romanesque 800 5. Gothic Art 1200 The Good Shepherd in the Catacomb of Saints Pietro and Marcellino, Rome (E. Christian, early 4th century CE). Edicule, Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem Saint Apollinaire as the Good Shepherd, Early Christian, mosaic, St. Apollinaire in Classe, Ravenna, Italy. Christ the Good Shepherd, mosaic, Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, Ravenna Terminology • Catacomb • Fresco • Basilica • Longitudinal plan • Facade • Central plan • Atrium • Latin Cross Plan • Narthex • Mosiacs • Nave • Altar • Apse • Transept Justinian and Attendants (Byzantine, c. 547 CE). Mosaic. San Vitale, Ravenna, Italy Anthemius and Isidorus. Hagia Sophia, (Byzantine, 532-537 CE) Istanbul, Turkey. Pantocrator, Byzantine, mosaic, Hagia Sophia Madonna Enthroned tempera and gold leaf on panel, Byzantine, 1300 ce Early Christian and Byzantine Themes and Concepts: • basilica versus central plan • West versus East • church and state • Mosaics, tempera, and gold-leaf • icon, iconography Purse Cover from Sutton Hoo Ship Burial, Suffolk, England, before 655, gold and enamel, 7.5 ‘ long Animal-Head Post from Oseberg Ship Burial, Maritime Museum in Stockholm, Sweden, c. 825, wood The High Cross of Muiredach, west face, gets its name from an inscription at the base of the west face, saying it was erected by Muiredach. 10th or possibly 9th century, located at the ruined monastic site of Monasterboice, in County Louth, Ireland. Irish high crosses are internationally recognized icons of early medieval Ireland. c. 850, sandstone, 19’ The Lindisfarne Gospels is a manuscript that contains the Gospels of the four Evangelists Mark, John, Luke, and Matthew. The Lindisfarne Gospels begins with a carpet page in the form of a cross. Lindisfarne Gospel: Cross Page, Illumination, c. 700, 13” x 10” from Northumberland, Eng., British Museum The Book of Kells, one of Ireland’s great treasures is, also, a European cultural icon, and is among their top ten tourist attractions. Christ Enthroned page from Book of Kells, illumination, c. 800 St. Matthew the Evangelist of Coronation Gospels (Gospel Book of Charlemagne), from Aachen, Germany, c. 800-810, ink and tempera on vellum (Vienna) Ebbo Gospels done in the Shivering Style, c. 824, illuminated Gospel Book, from the Carolingian Era. The illustration has its roots in late classical painting. Landscape is represented in the illusionistic style of late classical painting. Greek artists fleeing the Byzantine iconoclasm of the 8th century brought this style to Aachen and Reims (Berenson, 163) Saint Matthew, Ebbo Gospel Book France (Reims) 816-41 illuminated Gospel Book, from the Carolingian Era smarthistory.org/lindau -gospels-cover/ Crucifixion, cover Lindau Gospel Book c. 880 Morgan Library, NY Charlemagne and his Carolingian Renaissance (780-900) • King of the Franks and later Holy Roman Emperor • instigated a cultural revival known as the Carolingian Renaissance • used Constantine's Christian empire as its model • manuscripts, sculpture, architecture and other religious artifacts survive. source: www.khanacademy.com The most well-known and best-preserved Carolingian building. An excellent example of the classical revival style that characterized the architecture of Charlemagne’s reign. Odo of Metz, Palatine Chapel, Aachen, Germany, 805 A rare surviving example of an Ottonian bronze Equestrian Statuette of Charlemagne or Charles the Bald, bronze, 9” Medieval Themes and Concepts: • Animal style, metalwork, cloisonné • Ship burials • Iconic high crosses • illuminated manuscript, scriptorium • classical revival style architecture Gothic Architecture The Gothic period began with the construction of the choir at St. Denis by the Abbot Suger. • Pointed arch allowed for added height. • Ribbed vaulting added skeletal structure and allowed for the use of larger stained glass windows. • The exterior walls are no longer so thick and massive. Terms: • Pointed Arches • Ribbed Vaulting • Flying Buttresses • Rose Windows Video - Birth of the Gothic: Abbot Suger and St. Denis West Facade of Chartres Cathedral, Chartres, France (begun 1134 CE, rebuilt after 1194 CE). Royal Portals of Chartres Cathedral, Chartres, France (begun 1134 CE, rebuilt after 1194 CE). Rose window Lancets Windows of Chartres Cathedral, Chartres, France (begun 1134 CE, rebuilt after 1194 CE). Cathedral of Notre-Dame de Paris (Gothic, begun 1163 CE, completed 1250 CE). The Annunciation and Visitation Jamb figures, west portals, Reims Cathedral (Gothic, begun 1210 CE). Gothic Themes and Concepts: • pointed arch, focus on linear • ribbed vaulting, clustered piers • height and light • stained glass, tracery, • sacred space • jamb figures • return to classicism .