DO NOT EDIT--Changes must be made through “File info” CorrectionKey=TX-A Section 3 The Spanish Return to Texas Main Ideas Key Terms and People 1. In response to a perceived threat from the French, the • Francisco Hidalgo Spanish resettled in East Texas in the early 1700s. • Louis Juchereau de 2. The Spanish built several missions, a presidio, and the St. Denis region's first civil settlement near what is now San Antonio. • Domingo Ramón • Antonio Margil de Jesús Why It Matters Today • Martín de Alarcón The Spanish tried to protect their hold on Texas by • El Camino Real barring foreign trade in the region. Use current events sources to learn more about free trade issues or a trade dispute between nations today. TEKS: 1B, 2C, 9A, 21A, 21B, 21C, 22D The Story Continues Father Francisco Hidalgo was a patient but persistent myNotebook man. Since becoming a Franciscan at the age of 15, he Use the annotation had longed to become a missionary, travel, and spread the Bleed Art Guide: tools in your eBook All bleeding art should be extended fullyto to takethe notes on the Catholic faith. After arriving in New Spain, the young priest bleed guide. return of Spanish missionaries and heard many stories about Texas. He became determined to settlers to Texas. go there to teach Texas Indians about Catholicism. Delay after delay prevented Father Hidalgo from reaching them. But he knew that his chance would come. Art and Non-Teaching Text Guide: Folios, annos, standards, non-bleeding art, etc. should Back to East Texas never go beyond this guide on any side, 1p6 to trim. After the failure of San Francisco de los Tejas, the Spanish largely ignored East Texas for more than 20 years. Several missionaries were not happy with that policy. Among them was the Franciscan Father Francisco Hidalgo (ee-dahl-goh). Years before, he had served at San Francisco de los Tejas. After it was abandoned, Father Hidalgo helped found the San Juan Bautista mission along the Rio Grande, but he was not content there. He wanted to return to East Texas and work with local American Text Guide: “Teaching” text should never go beyond this guide on any side.Indians. He repeatedly asked Spanish officials to reestablish the Tejas mission, but they refused. 120 Chapter 6 DO NOT EDIT--Changes must be made through “File info” CorrectionKey=TX-A Unwilling to give up, Father Hidalgo eventually looked elsewhere for help. He wrote a letter asking the French governor of Louisiana to help build missions in East Texas. Sending that letter was a daring move because, as you have seen, France and Spain were longtime enemies. The French in Louisiana had been looking for an opportunity to trade with Spanish colonists in Mexico. However, Spain would not allow it. When the governor of Louisiana received Hidalgo’s letter, he saw a chance. In 1713 he sent explorer Louis Juchereau de St. Denis (luh-wee zhew-shuh-roh duh-sand-uh-nee) to Texas. St. Denis’s stated mission was to find Father Hidalgo. At the same time, the governor wanted him to make contact with the Spanish in hopes of later trade. St. Denis headed north first. In 1713 he built a trading post near the Red River that grew into the town of Natchitoches, Louisiana. He then traveled southwest into Texas. Eventually he reached the presidio near the San Juan Bautista mission where Father Hidalgo lived. As a French citizen in Spanish territory, St. Denis was arrested. However, the presidio commander, Diego Ramón, treated him well. The Frenchman enjoyed his stay at the mission, even courting Ramón’s granddaughter. Eventually, though, Ramón sent St. Denis to Mexico City to meet the viceroy. Red R. 0 75 150 Miles Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe El Paso del Norte B de los Nacogdoches (1716–73) ra Text Guide: 0 75 150 Kilometers zo San Miguel de Corpus Christi s COMANCHE Albers Equal-Area Projection “Teaching” text should never go beyondlos Adaes this guide(1717–73) on any side. WICHITA Sa de la Isleta (1682–1828) b in e Nuestro Padre San Francisco Natchitoches (1713) R de los Tejas (1716–30) R Co . lora do Los Adaes (1721) San Francisco Pec R. TO os L N de los Tejas (1690–93) IP R A K CADDO N A io R AP W . A Gr C A an H d E e San Sabá (1757–58) San Antonio de Valero (1718–93) San Antonio de Béxar (1718–1821) Villa de Béxar (1718) La Bahía (1726–49) A San José y San Miguel W S A de Aguayo (1720–1824) a K n A N n RA EC to KA Art and Non-Teaching Text Guide: ILT AN ni Spanish Texas U o H A es R Nuestra SeñoraFolios, de Loreto annos, [La standards, Bahía] (1721–26) non-bleeding art, etc. should ec . San Juan Bautista O u C N 28˚N Presidio (1700–1829) Ft. St. Louis (1685–88)never go beyond this guide on any side, 1p6 to trim. R La Bahía (1749–1821) . Spanish settlement Laredo (1755) French outpost Nuestra Señora Gulf of Mexico de Dolores (1750) Mission R Monclova i o G Road ran de N Change of location 26˚N at date shown W E Present-day state boundaries Monterrey S 96˚W 94˚W 92˚W Bleed Art Guide: All bleeding art should be extended fully to the Texas Under Spanish Rule, c. 1750 bleed guide. Interpreting Maps During the 1600s and 1700s Spain established missions, presidios, and other settlements in Texas. Places and Regions In what areas of present-day Texas were most of the Spanish settlements located? The Spanish Colonial Period 121 DO NOT EDIT--Changes must be made through “File info” CorrectionKey=TX-A # # The information St. Denis gave to the viceroy convinced the Spanish Texas Cities that the French wanted to move into Texas. To protect their claim to the region, the Spanish decided to build new missions in East Texas. These missions were to be located near French territory. This would allow soldiers stationed at the missions to monitor French activity. Father Hidalgo was one of the priests chosen to set up the missions. The expedition to establish the new missions was led by Domingo Ramón, son of the commander at San Juan Bautista. Although he was a Frenchman, St. Denis was hired as the expedition’s guide. In addition, San Antonio the expedition included Spanish priests, soldiers, and civilians. Some History: Martín de of the soldiers also brought their wives. These women were probably Alarcón, a Spanish official, the first female Spanish settlers in Texas. Besides necessary supplies, the founded a mission and presidio on the site of the Spanish also brought gifts for the Tejas who lived in the region. city in 1718. The mission In late June 1716 the settlers arrived in East Texas, where the Tejas later became known as warmly received them. A priest described their first meeting. the Alamo. It became the site of an important battle TEXAS VOICES in the Texas Revolution. “About eight o’clock in the morning thirty-four Indians arrived. Population in 2012: . We went to greet and embrace them, our hearts overflowing 1,382,951 (estimate) with joy. [We] served chocolate to them. This day was Relative Location: South- most pleasing to us, holding out, as it did, such great prospects of central Texas on the San attaining our end and achieving the purpose so much desired.” Antonio River — Isidro Félix de Espinosa, quoted in Documents of Texas History Region: South Texas Plains The Spaniards soon built a mission called Nuestro Padre San County: County seat of Bexar County Francisco de los Tejas near the site of the original mission. Father Special feature: San Hidalgo was placed in charge. Antonio, with its ­historical With Father Hidalgo settled at his mission, the religious leadership Bleed Art Guide: Spanish architecture All bleeding art should be andextended winding fully to the River Walk, of the expedition fell to another Franciscan, Father Antonio Margil de bleed guide. is a popular tourist Jesús. Assisted by St. Denis and the Tejas, the Spanish under Margil ­destination. established more missions in Texas. You can see the locations of these Origin of name: San missions on the map on the previous page. One was located on the future Antonio is named for the Portuguese-born Italian site of Nacogdoches. Another, San Miguel de los Adaes, was located in saint, Anthony of Padua. present-day Louisiana. Others were spread over a wide area. To protect Economy: The economy of the missions, Captain Ramón built a presidio on the Neches River. The San Antonio depends on public and private opera- distance between the presidio and the missions, however, meant that it Art and Non-Teaching Text Guide: Folios, annos,tions. standards, ­Military non-bleeding art,establish etc. should - would be difficult for Ramón’s soldiers to fully protect the missionaries. never go beyondments this guide such on any as side, Fort 1p6 to trim.Sam A few soldiers were stationed at each mission to provide security. Houston, tourism, and medical research play Although the Tejas had welcomed the Spanish into their territory, important roles in the they showed little interest in the Spaniards’ religion. Nevertheless the city’s ­economy. Spanish remained at the missions. They continued working to bring Amarillo Spanish culture to the people of the area. As you will see in the next Lubbock section, however, their efforts were soon cut short. Ft Worth Dallas El Paso Midland Reading Check Analyzing Information How did the Spanish Odessa Austin ★ Houston ­reestablish their control over East Texas? Text Guide: San Antonio “Teaching” text should never go beyondGalveston this guide on any side.