Arnold Schwarzenegger Governor COOL-COLOR ROOFING MATERIAL EPORT R ROJECT P INAL F Prepared For: California Energy Commission Public Interest Energy Research Program PIER Prepared By: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Oak Ridge National Laboratory August 2006 CEC-500-2006-067 Prepared By: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Hashem Akbari Berkeley, California Contract No. 500-01-021 Oak Ridge National Laboratory William Miller Oak Ridge, Tennessee Prepared For: California Energy Commission Public Interest Energy Research (PIER) Program Chris Scruton Contract Manager Ann Peterson Building End-Use Energy Efficiency Team Leader Nancy Jenkins PIER Energy Efficiency Research Office Manager Martha Krebs, Ph.D. Deputy Director ENERGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT DIVISION B. B. Blevins Executive Director DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as the result of work sponsored by the California Energy Commission. It does not necessarily represent the views of the Energy Commission, its employees or the State of California. The Energy Commission, the State of California, its employees, contractors and subcontractors make no warrant, express or implied, and assume no legal liability for the information in this report; nor does any party represent that the uses of this information will not infringe upon privately owned rights. This report has not been approved or disapproved by the California Energy Commission nor has the California Energy Commission passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of the information in this report. Disclaimer This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United States Government. While this document is believed to contain correct information, neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor The Regents of the University of California, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by its trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof, or The Regents of the University of California. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof or The Regents of the University of California. i Acknowledgments This work was supported by the California Energy Commission through its Public Interest Energy Research Program (PIER), by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), and by the Assistant Secretary for Renewable Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The authors wish to thank CEC Commissioner Arthur Rosenfeld and PIER managers Nancy Jenkins and Chris Scruton for their support and advice. Special thanks go also to Mark Levine, Director of the Environmental Energy Technologies Division at LBNL for his encouragement and support in the initiation of this project. This work has been collaborative research among Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), LBNL, and the industry. We acknowledge the contributions of Tony Chiovare (Custom-Bilt Metals); Lou Hahn (Elk Corporation); Ingo Joedicke (ISP Minerals); Chris Gross, Jeff Jacobs and Frank Klink (3M Company); Scott Kriner (Akzo Nobel Coatings); James Dunn and Kenneth Loye (Ferro); David Mirth (Owens Corning); Jeffrey Nixon (Shepherd Color Company); Joe Reilly (American Rooftile Coatings); Robert Scichili (initially BASF Industrial Coatings; currently a consultant to the coated metal industry); Ming L. Shiao (CertainTeed); Krishna Srinivas (GAF); Yoshihiro Suzuki (MCA Clay Tile); Jerry Vandewater (Monier Lifetile); Michelle Vondran (Steelscape); and Lou Zumpano (Hanson Roof Tile). We also acknowledge the guidance, support, and directives of the Project Advisory Committee (PAC) members: Gregg Ander (Southern California Edison Company); Aaron Becker (Dupont Titanium Technologies); Carl Blumstein (California Institute for Energy and Environment);Tom Bollnow (National Roofing Contractors Association); Jack Colbourn and Kathy Diehl (US Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco office); Steven Harris (Quality Auditing Institute); Noah Horowitz (Cool Roof Rating Council and National Resource Defense Council); Scott Kriner (Cool Metal Roofing Coalition); Shari Litow (DuPont Titanium Technologies); Archie Mulligan (Habitat for Humanity); Mike Evans (Evans Construction); Jerry Wager (Ochoa & Shehan); Rick Olson (Roof Tile Institute); Mike Rothenberg (Bay Area Air Quality Management District); Steven Ryan (US EPA); Thomas Shallow (Asphalt Roofing Manufacturers Association); Peter Turnbull (Pacific Gas and Electric Company; and Jessica C Yen (DuPont Titanium Technologies). Please cite this report as follows: Hashem Akbari, Paul Berdahl, Ronnen Levinson, Steve Wiel, William Miller, and Andre Desjarlais 2006. Cool-Color Roofing Material. California Energy Commission, PIER Building End-Use Energy Efficiency Program. CEC-500-2006-067. ii Preface The Public Interest Energy Research (PIER) Program supports public interest energy research and development that will help improve the quality of life in California by bringing environmentally safe, affordable, and reliable energy services and products to the marketplace. The PIER Program, managed by the California Energy Commission (Energy Commission) conducts public interest research, development, and demonstration (RD&D) projects to benefit the electricity and natural gas ratepayers in California. The Energy Commission awards up to $62 million annually in electricity-related RD&D, and up to $15 million annually for natural gas RD&D. The PIER program strives to conduct the most promising public interest energy research by partnering with RD&D organizations, including individuals, businesses, utilities, and public or private research institutions. PIER funding efforts are focused on the following RD&D program areas: • Buildings End-Use Energy Efficiency • Industrial/Agricultural/Water End-Use Energy Efficiency • Renewable Energy Technologies • Environmentally Preferred Advanced Generation • Energy-Related Environmental Research • Energy Systems Integration Cool-color Roofing Material is the final report for the Cool Roofs project, contract number 500-02- 021, conducted by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The information from this project contributes to PIER’s Buildings End-Use Energy Efficiency program. For more information on the PIER Program, please visit the Energy Commission’s website at www.energy.ca.gov/pier or contact the Energy Commission at (916) 654-5164. iii Table of Contents Preface ………………………………………………………………………………………………..iii Abstract ............................................................................................................................................... vi Executive Summary........................................................................................................................... 1 1.0 Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 6 1.1. Background ..................................................................................................................... 6 1.2. Project Objectives ........................................................................................................... 8 1.3. Report Organization ...................................................................................................... 10 2.0 Technical Tasks.................................................................................................................... 11 2.1. Task 2.4: Development of Cool-Colored Coatings .................................................... 11 2.2. Task 2.5: Development of Prototype Cool-Colored Roofing Materials.................. 21 2.3. Task 2.6: Field-Testing and Product Useful Life Testing.......................................... 33 2.4. Task 2.7: Technology Transfer and Market Plan ....................................................... 41 3.0 Conclusions and Recommendations................................................................................. 48 3.1. Recommendations.......................................................................................................... 49 4.0 References............................................................................................................................. 51 5.0 List of Attachments ............................................................................................................. 52 List of Figures Figure 1. (a) Spectral solar power distribution and (b) solar spectral reflectances of cool and standard brown surfaces...................................................................................................................6 Figure 2. Value of potential annual residential energy savings from cool roofs in 11 U.S. metropolitan areas .............................................................................................................................8 Figure 3. Illustration of the team’s pigment characterization activities ...........................................13 Figure 4. Pinwheel™ screen shot...........................................................................................................15