Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-08478-0 - Ancient China and the Yue: Perceptions and Identities on the Southern Frontier, c. 400 BCE–50 CE Erica Fox Brindley Index More information Index Allard, Francis and Sima Qian’s reference to the Man-yi, on contemporary Chinese 135–136 archaeology, 63 unbound hair associated with, on Lingnan archaeology, 75–76 143–144 on southern Zhejian/Fujian archaeology, Yi-di peoples in the Wuyue chunqiu, 67–68, 81n74 150n27 on Zhao family funerary architecture, Yue in-betweenness conveyed by the 203, 210 Zhanguo ce, 130–131 on Zhao Tuo, 203 Barbieri-Low, Anthony, 162n56 Analects. See Confucius and the Analects Beiqi shu (History of the Northern Anguo Shaoji, 215 Qi), 9 Austric hypothesis Bellwood, Peter, 57n40 and the Hmong-Mien, 59 Benedict, Paul, 49n10 north to south rice-driven migrations Best, Jonathan, 153n35 linked to, 57–58 Bielenstein, Hans, 19, 110n52–111 and Sagart’s STAN hypothesis, 58–59, blackened teeth 64–65n9 Black-Tooth Yue kingdom in the East, Schmidt’s proposal of, 56–57 167n73, 169, 170–171 ohaguro practice in Japan, 171 Ba state, 28, 228 of Yue groups, 167n73, 170, 171 customs described by Wang Chong, Blust, Robert ’ 154–155 on Sagart s claims, 49n13, 50 ’ territory of, xxim2 on Schmidt s hypothesis, 57 Bai-yue (Hundred Yue) theory that Austronesian-speaking heterogeneous mixture of language peoples inhabited Taiwan, 25, – – families associated with, 60–61 46 47n3, 57 58 fi linguistic unity of, 52–53 boat-like cof ns Man-yi distinguished from, 32–33 in cave tombs of the Wuyishan as a term expressing difference and mountains, 81 – similarity, 30–31, 32–33, 81, 243, and the mausoleum at Yinshan, 70 71, 248n8 81, 88, 90f2 as a term for ousted Yue elites, 28 undeciphered inscriptions associated territory of, xxim2, 77, 248 with, 42 – vocabulary traced to Austro-Asiatic of Wu and Yue cultures, 80 81 terms, 54 body art practices Baldanza, Kate, 4n2 peoples and regions associated with – Ban Gu. See Han shu particular practices, 164 168 “barbarians” types of. See blackened teeth; engraving centrality and centeredness contrasted the forehead; tattooing with, 126, 171, 186–187 See also hairstyles; mallet-shaped bun; “ ” generic derogation for southern Yue, sheared hair ; sitting and kneeling “ ” 32–33 styles; unbound hair 268 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-08478-0 - Ancient China and the Yue: Perceptions and Identities on the Southern Frontier, c. 400 BCE–50 CE Erica Fox Brindley Index More information Index 269 burial practices Chineseness human sacrifice, 168n77, 177, 210–211 diversity of peoples encompassed by, tomb at Zhenshan perhaps of a king of ix–x, 21, 36–37 Wu, 70 Han ethnicity identified with, x Wucheng culture, 69–70 origins as an ethnic concept, 6 of the Yue. See burial practices of the Yue viewed as a single, unified identity, ix, x, burial practices of the Yue xi, 6, 242 coffins. See boat-like coffins and the Yue other. See also Yue identity jade funerary suit, 210f1 Zhongguo/China as a super sign, 35n40 mausoleum at Yinshan, 70–71, 81, 87–89 See also ethnicity; Hua-xia identity; Yue mounded tombs linking Wu and Yue identity cultures, 70, 80–81 Chu dynasty Southern Yue goudiao bells, 211f2, and the cultural advancements of 210–211, 212–213, 219–220 conquered peoples, 41 Zhou cultural influences on, 71 King Wei’s defeat of King Wu Jiang of Butler, Judith, 7 Yue, 89 peoples contrasted with Man-yi peoples, Cantonese 29 Sinitic dialect now spoken in territory of, xxim2,28 Guangdong, 27 Chuci (Songs of the South) “ ” and the term “Yue,” 27n16 Tianwen, 178n16 “ ” as the “Yue language,” 3 Zhao hun, 141, 168 Central Plains Clark, Hugh, 150n29, 177n12 influence of Neolithic southeastern comportment. See dustpan (ji ju) sitting; archaeological cultures on, 69 pigeon-toed (jiaozhi) walking; sitting Yue language contrasted with Sinitic and kneeling styles forms of language spoken in, 22, Confucius and the Analects 54–56 culturally acquired concept of ethnicity, – Central States 118 120, 126 agents of. See Hua-xia Hua-xia, Zhu-xia, and Zhou as ethnic – ethnic connotations associated with, terms in, 10, 118 119, 126 245n4 unbound hair associated with non-Zhou – and the Queen Dowager of Southern culture, 143 144, 154 Yue, 99, 215, 227n15 cosmological concepts – as a toponym during the Warring States, and directional ethnonyms, 245 246, 10n11 247 Yue called “Bai-yue” by, 28 See also centrality and centeredness Yue called “Yue” and “Man-yi” by, Five Phases (Wuxing) cosmology, 181, – 21–22n1, 31 245 246 See also Zhou political sphere ruler-centered cosmology, 246 – centrality and centeredness yin and yang, 133, 183, 246 247 and the conceit of sinicization, xii–xiii cultural symbols and ecliptical rhetoric, 120–125, 139, dragons as symbols of the Hua-xia 245 peoples, 178 and identity, xi, 245–250 imperial power appropriated by local – – periphery viewed with fear and loathing. lords, 111, 194 195, 218 220, 241 See “barbarians” See also Di (emperor title) Yue appropriation of imperial symbols, of the Southern Yue. See goudiao bells 218–219 See also burial practices; burial practices Chang, Kwang-chih, 66, 67 of the Yue; snakes; Yue material on Neolithic and Bronze Age culture Guangdong, 75 single archaeological tradition theory of, Dapenkeng (Tapenkeng) Neolithic culture, 73–74 52, 66, 72n38, 73–74 on Wucheng culture of the Southeast, 69 De Crespigny, Rafe, 105, 172–173, 236n34 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-08478-0 - Ancient China and the Yue: Perceptions and Identities on the Southern Frontier, c. 400 BCE–50 CE Erica Fox Brindley Index More information 270 Index Di (emperor title) Emperor Wu of the Eastern Yue. See Zou Han emperors. See Emperor Wen of the Yushan Han; Emperor Wu of the Han Emperor Wu of the Han historical usage of the title, 198–199 military engagements at the beginning of as a political tool used by Southern Yue Yingqi’s reign, 212 rulers, 99, 209–210, 214–215, Southern Yue defeated by, 98–101 218–220 Zou Chou made “King of Yue-yao” by, Zhao Hu as Emperor Wen, 99, 209–210 104 Zhao Tuo as Nanyue Wudi, 79, 198–199, Zou Ying provided military support to 201, 203–204, 205, 216, 231 attack Min-yue, 99 Di-type peoples. See Rong; Yi-di Emperor Wu of the Southern Yue. See Zhao Diffloth, Gérard, 54 Tuo Dong Chuping, 88n11 Empress Lü, 96–98, 198, 205, 223 Donghai. See Eastern Sea engraving the forehead (diao ti), 167, Dongou. See Eastern Ou 167n73, 169–170, 171 dragons ethnicity flood dragons (jiao/jiaolong), 150, ancestor-based genetic heritage identified 150n29, 165, 166, 177n12 with, x, 134–137 as a symbol of the Hua-xia peoples, 178 and Chang’s single archaeological Yu the Great linked to, 178 tradition theory, 73–74 dustpan (ji ju) sitting as culturally acquired, 119–120 Lu jia’s encounter with King Zhao Tuo, environmentally based sense of. See 160–161, 203n31 geographic imprinting by Northerners other than the Man-yi, Hall’s concept of, 6–7 161–162 of southern locals with mixed cultural in pre-Shang times, 162n57 identities, 10 as a sign of disrespect, 162–163 and territory. See geographic imprinting yi si, 160 three criteria identified, 6–7, 26–27 ethnonyms Eastern Ou (Dongou) capital, 106–107 and Chineseness, 6 “ ” Eastern Ou (Dongou) kingdom compound terms using the term Yue, formerly known as Donghai. See Eastern 30n21, 85, 182n26 Sea (Donghai) in kingdom as labels to convey lesser importance, – – Han defeat of, 105–106 167n73, 169 171, 186, 245 246, 247 – leaders of. See Zou Wuzhu; Zou Yao naming of Vietnam, 4n2, 3 4, 27n16 and the Min-zhong commandery, 101 See also Bai-yue; Chineseness; and the Rebellion of the Seven Eastern Ou (Dongou); Hmong- Kingdoms, 103, 221n1–223 Mien (Miao-yao); Hua-xia identity; Zou Jugu of, 105 Man-yi; Yi-di peoples; Yue identity; Eastern Sea (Donghai) in kingdom Yue-yao “Eastern Ou” name adopted by, 101–102 See also Eastern Ou (Dongou) kingdom Fan Li, 136, 146n16, 153 leaders of. See Zou Yao Fei Xiaotong, 242 and the Min-zhong commandery, 101 Fiskesjö, Magnus, 244n3 Eastern Ye (Dongye) capital of Min-yue, FitzGerald, C. P., on expansion into the 101, 106, 107f6, 108n50, Southlands, 15–17, 39n46, 40n47 109n51–110n52 ecliptical rhetoric, 120–125, 139, 245 Gan-yue Elliot, Mark, 7 in the textual record, 182n26 Emperor Gaozu, 96, 97n28, 101, 163, Yue swords from, 182–183 196–198 geographic imprinting Emperor Wen of the Han, 98–99, 200–201, environmentally based ethnicities, 10, 202 131–137 Emperor Wen of the Southern Yue. See Guanzi on the quality of Yue region, Zhao Hu (Zhao Mo) 133–134, 179–180 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-08478-0 - Ancient China and the Yue: Perceptions and Identities on the Southern Frontier, c. 400 BCE–50 CE Erica Fox Brindley Index More information Index 271 and lines of ethnic difference, 6–7, 26–27, Han City [near the village of] Chengcun at 119 Wuyi Mountain, 74n50, 106, 107f6, Sima Qian’s environmentally based sense 109, 110 of Yue ethnicity, 132 Han Feizi territory of nationalities distinguished sheared hair (duan fa) mentioned in, 148, from, 6–7 149–150 and the Yue. See Yue identity; Yue on the Yue State in the post-Chu peoples conquest years, 91–92 goudiao bells in tomb of Zhao Hu of Han period Southern Yue, 211f2, 210–211, Chao Cuo on the yang qi in the bodies of 212–213, 219–220 the Yue people, 133, 180 Guangdong defeat of Eastern Yue, 105–106 and the Bai-yue, 94 emperors.