Downloaded from the Humanities Digital Library http://www.humanities-digital-library.org Open Access books made available by the School of Advanced Study, University of London Press ***** Publication details: Church and People in Interregnum Britain Edited by Fiona McCall https://humanities-digital-library.org/index.php/hdl/catalog/book/ church-and-people-in-interregnum-britain DOI: 10.14296/2106.9781912702664 ***** This edition published in 2021 by UNIVERSITY OF LONDON PRESS SCHOOL OF ADVANCED STUDY INSTITUTE OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH Senate House, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HU, United Kingdom ISBN 978-1-912702-66-4 (PDF edition) This work is published under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. More information regarding CC licenses is available at https://creativecommons.org/licenses Church and people in interregnum Britain New Historical Perspectives is a book series for early career scholars within the UK and the Republic of Ireland. Books in the series are overseen by an expert editorial board to ensure the highest standards of peer-reviewed scholarship. Commissioning and editing is undertaken by the Royal Historical Society, and the series is published under the imprint of the Institute of Historical Research by the University of London Press. The series is supported by the Economic History Society and the Past and Present Society. Series co-editors: Heather Shore (Manchester Metropolitan University) and Elizabeth Hurren (University of Leicester) Founding co-editors: Simon Newman (University of Glasgow) and Penny Summerfield (University of Manchester) New Historical Perspectives Editorial Board Charlotte Alston, Northumbria University David Andress, University of Portsmouth Philip Carter, Royal Historical Society Ian Forrest, University of Oxford Leigh Gardner, London School of Economics Tim Harper, University of Cambridge Guy Rowlands, University of St Andrews Alec Ryrie, Durham University Richard Toye, University of Exeter Natalie Zacek, University of Manchester Church and people in interregnum Britain Edited by Fiona McCall LONDON ROYAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY INSTITUTE OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH UNIVERSITY OF LONDON PRESS Published in 2021 by UNIVERSITY OF LONDON PRESS SCHOOL OF ADVANCED STUDY INSTITUTE OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH Senate House, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HU © Chapter authors, 2021 The authors have asserted their rights under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 to be identified as the authors of this work. This book is published under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) license. More information regarding CC licenses is available at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/. Copyright and permissions for the reuse of many of the images included in this publication differ from the above. Copyright and permissions information is provided alongside each image. Available to download free or to purchase the hard-copy edition at https://www.sas.ac.uk/publications. ISBNs 978-1-912702-64-0 (hardback edition) 978-1-912702-65-7 (paperback edition) 978-1-912702-66-4 (.pdf edition) 978-1-912702-68-8 (.epub edition) 978-1-912702-67-1 (.mobi edition) DOI 10.14296/2106.9781912702664 Cover image: Frontispiece to: Sparrow, Anthony, 1843, A rationale upon the Book of common prayer of the Church of England Oxford: John Henry, 1801–1890. Contents List of figures vii List of tables ix List of contributors xi Acknowledgements xiii Abbreviations xv Introduction: stability and flux: the Church in the interregnum 1 Bernard Capp The administration of the interregnum Church 1. What happened in English and Welsh parishes c.1642– 62?: a research agenda 19 Andrew Foster 2. ‘Soe good and godly a worke’: the surveys of ecclesiastical livings and parochial reform during the English Revolution 41 Alex Craven 3. The ecclesiastical patronage of Oliver Cromwell, c.1654– 60 65 Rebecca Warren The clergy of the Commonwealth 4. The impact of the landscape on the clergy of seventeenth- century Dorset 87 Trixie Gadd 5. The clergy of ussex:S the impact of change, 1635– 65 111 Helen M. Whittle Enforcing godly ideals 6. ‘Breaching the laws of God and man’: secular prosecutions of religious offences in the interregnum parish, 1645– 60 137 Fiona McCall v Contents 7. Scandalous Ayr: parish- level continuities in 1650s Scotland 171 Alfred Johnson Traditionalist religion: patterns of persistence and resistance 8. Malignant parties: loyalist religion in southern England 195 Rosalind Johnson 9. ‘God’s vigilant watchmen’: the words of episcopalian clergy in Wales, 1646– 60 217 Sarah Ward Clavier Remembering godly rule 10. ‘A crack’d mirror’: reflections on ‘godly rule’ in Warwickshire in 1662 245 Maureen Harris Index 275 vi List of figures 2.1 Map of Commonwealth surveys by county 47 3.1 Presentations recorded in the Triers’ registers by patron type, 1654– 60 69 4.1 Map of Dorset’s landscape regions and main towns 89 4.2 Parishes from which Dorset incumbents were sequestered, 1642– 59 102 4.3 Parishes in which Dorset incumbents remained from pre- 1642 until after 1662 104 4.4 Parishes from which Dorset incumbents were ejected, 1660– 2 105 5.1 Birthplaces of Sussex clergy 115 5.2 Levels of education of Sussex clergy 117 5.3 Testamentary evidence for Sussex clergy 120 5.4 Monetary values in Sussex clergy wills 121 5.5 Sussex clergy wills mentioning books, plate and real property 122 5.6 Removals of Sussex clergy from 1641 until after 1662 126 6.1 Offences elatedr to Sabbath- day observance by year 144 6.2 Offences elatedr to swearing and cursing by year 149 6.3 Legal cases relating to parish finances by year 156 6.4 Legal cases relating to non- attendance at church by year 166 10.1 Warwickshire parishes and chapelries, c.1660 248 10.2 Warwickshire departing clergy, 1642– 62 256 10.3 Warwickshire clergy, 1660– 2 272 vii List of tables 2.1 Table of Commonwealth surveys by county and date 48 4.1 Tithe income by landscape region in Dorset 98 4.2 Number of ejections, 1660– 2 105 5.1 Wills of Sussex clergy executed and proved in the PCC and Sussex courts 125 6.1 Legal records analysed 140 6.2 Number of legal cases analysed by year 142 6.3 Legal cases by type (all counties) 143 7.1 Numbers of people appearing before Ayr kirk session 1631– 61 181 ix List of contributors Bernard Capp is emeritus professor at the University of Warwick and a Fellow of the British Academy. He has published extensively on the British Civil Wars and interregnum and on many aspects of seventeenth- century history. His most recent books are England’s Culture Wars: Puritan Reformation and its Enemies in the Interregnum, 1649–1660 (Oxford, 2012) and The Ties that Bind: Siblings, Family and Society in Early Modern England (Oxford, 2018). Alex Craven is an associate fellow of the Institute of Historical Research and currently employed by the Victoria County History of Gloucestershire, having previously worked for VCH Wiltshire. His PhD thesis, ‘Coercion and compromise: Lancashire provincial politics and the creation of the English Republic, 1648–53’ (University of Manchester, 2005), looked at the relationship between central and local government during the 1640s and 1650s. He has published four articles drawing upon his research into the politics and society of the 1650s, two of which dealt with the reform of the Church. Trixie Gadd completed her PhD at the Centre for English Local History, University of Leicester in October 2019, with a thesis entitled ‘ “Tis my lot by faith to be sustained”: clerical prosperity in seventeenth-centur y Dorset’. She is an honorary visiting fellow at Leicester, contributing to the AHRC- funded project ‘Conflict, welfare and memory during and after the English Civil Wars, 1642–1710’ led by Professor Andrew Hopper. Andrew Foster is an honorary research fellow at the University of Kent, and a visiting researcher with ‘Lincoln Unlocked’ at Lincoln College, Oxford. Andrew has written chiefly about the early modern Church of England, its bishops and clergy, its cathedrals, parishes and churchwardens. He is currently working on a history of the dioceses of England and Wales between 1540 and 1700, and an edition of the papers of Archbishop Richard Neile for the Church of England Record Society. Maureen Harris was awarded a PhD in 2015 by the University of Leicester for a thesis on conflict between clergy and laity in Warwickshire, 1660– 1720. She contributed to the ‘Battle-scarr ed’ exhibition at Newark National Civil War Centre and is leading a National Lottery Heritage Fund volunteer project to explore the human cost of the English Civil Wars through the xi List of contributors transcription of all the Warwickshire ‘Loss Accounts’ of 1646/7, to be published by the Dugdale Society. Alfred Johnson gained his PhD from the University of Sydney in 2018 with a thesis entitled ‘Civility and Godly society: Scotland 1550–1672’. Rosalind Johnson is a visiting research fellow at the University of Winchester, where she was awarded her PhD in 2013 for her thesis on Protestant dissenters in Hampshire from 1640 to 1740. She has taught at the universities of Winchester and Chichester, and is currently a researcher with the Wiltshire Victoria County History project. Fiona McCall is an early modern historian, specializing in seventeenth- century religious and social history. She is a senior lecturer in history at the University of Portsmouth, a departmental lecturer in local and social history for the University of Oxford Department of Continuing Education and a fellow of Kellogg College, Oxford. Her first book was Baal’s Priests: the Loyalist Clergy and the English Revolution (2013). She has since published several articles and chapters and is currently writing her second book, Unruly People: Ungodly Religion in the English Parish, 1645–1660 for Routledge. Sarah Ward Clavier is a senior lecturer in early modern history at the University of the West of England.