The Project Gutenberg EBook of A History of the Reformation (Vol. 1 of 2) by Thomas M. Lindsay This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at http://www.gutenberg.org/license Title: A History of the Reformation (Vol. 1 of 2) Author: Thomas M. Lindsay Release Date: August 29, 2012 [Ebook 40615] Language: English ***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION (VOL. 1 OF 2)*** International Theological Library A History of The Reformation By Thomas M. Lindsay, M.A., D.D. Principal, The United Free Church College, Glasgow In Two Volumes Volume I The Reformation in Germany From Its Beginning to the Religious Peace of Augsburg Edinburgh T. & T. Clark 1906 Contents Series Advertisement. 2 Dedication. 6 Preface. 7 Book I. On The Eve Of The Reformation. 11 Chapter I. The Papacy. 11 § 1. Claim to Universal Supremacy. 11 § 2. The Temporal Supremacy. 16 § 3. The Spiritual Supremacy. 18 Chapter II. The Political Situation. 29 § 1. The small extent of Christendom. 29 § 2. Consolidation. 30 § 3. England. 31 § 4. France. 33 § 5. Spain. 37 § 6. Germany and Italy. 41 § 7. Italy. 43 § 8. Germany. 46 Chapter III. The Renaissance. 53 § 1. The Transition from the Mediæval to the Modern World. 53 § 2. The Revival of Literature and Art. 56 § 3. Its earlier relation to Christianity. 59 § 4. The Brethren of the Common Lot. 62 § 5. German Universities, Schools, and Scholar- ship. 64 § 6. The earlier German Humanists. 68 § 7. The Humanist Circles in the Cities. 71 § 8. Humanism in the Universities. 74 § 9. Reuchlin. 79 iv A History of the Reformation (Vol. 1 of 2) § 10. The “Epistolæ Obscurorum Virorum.” ... 84 § 11. Ulrich von Hutten. 86 Chapter IV. Social Conditions. 91 § 1. Towns and Trade. 91 § 2. Geographical Discoveries and the beginning of a World Trade. 96 § 3. Increase in Wealth and luxurious Living. 98 § 4. The Condition of the Peasantry. 102 § 5. Earlier Social Revolts. 107 § 6. The religious Socialism of Hans Böhm. 112 § 7. Bundschuh Revolts. 116 § 8. The Causes of the continuous Revolts. 120 Chapter V. Family And Popular Religious Life in the Decades Before the Reformation. 127 § 1. Devotion of Germany to the Roman Church. 127 § 2. Preaching. 130 § 3. Church Festivals. 132 § 4. The Family Religious Life. 134 § 5. A superstitious Religion based on Fear. 141 § 6. A non-Ecclesiastical Religion. 153 § 7. The “Brethren.” ................167 Chapter VI. Humanism And Reformation. 173 § 1. Savonarola. 173 § 2. John Colet. 179 § 3. Erasmus. 187 Book II. The Reformation. 206 Chapter I. Luther to the Beginning of the Controversy About Indulgences. 206 § 1. Why Luther was successful as the Leader in a Reformation. 208 § 2. Luther's Youth and Education. 211 § 3. Luther in the Erfurt Convent. 217 § 4. Luther's early Life in Wittenberg. 223 § 5. Luther's early Lectures in Theology. 226 v § 6. The Indulgence-seller. 231 Chapter II. From The Beginning of the Indulgence Controversy to the Diet of Worms. 235 § 1. The Theory and Practice of Indulgences in the Sixteenth Century. 235 § 2. Luther's Theses. 247 § 3. The Leipzig Disputation. 255 § 4. The Three Treatises. 259 § 5. The Papal Bull. 267 § 6. Luther the Representative of Germany. 272 Chapter III. The Diet Of Worms. 281 § 1. The Roman Nuncio Aleander. 282 § 2. The Emperor Charles V............285 § 3. In the City of Worms. 288 § 4. Luther in Worms. 296 § 5. Luther's first Appearance before the Diet of Worms. 299 § 6. Luther's Second Appearance before the Diet. 306 § 7. The Conferences. 316 § 8. The Ban. 320 § 9. Popular Literature. 323 § 10. The Spread of Luther's Teaching. 329 § 11. Andrew Bodenstein of Carlstadt. 335 § 12. Luther back in Wittenberg. 340 Chapter IV. From The Diet of Worms to the Close Of the Peasants' War. 343 § 1. The continued spread of Lutheran Teaching. 343 § 2. The beginnings of Division in Germany. 348 § 3. The Peasants' War. 350 § 4. The Twelve Articles. 355 § 5. The Suppression of the Revolt. 358 § 6. Luther and the Peasants' War. 360 § 7. Germany divided into two separate Camps. 362 vi A History of the Reformation (Vol. 1 of 2) Chapter V. From The Diet Of Speyer, 1526, To The Religious Peace Of Augsburg, 1555. 364 § 1. The Diet of Speyer, 1526. 364 § 2. The Protest. 370 § 3. Luther and Zwingli. 371 § 4. The Marburg Colloquy. 376 § 5. The Emperor in Germany. 384 § 6. The Diet of Augsburg 1530. 387 § 7. The Augsburg Confession. 389 § 8. The Reformation to be crushed. 393 § 9. The Schmalkald League. 398 § 10. The Bigamy of Philip of Hesse. 406 § 11. Maurice of Saxony. 410 § 12. Luther's Death. 410 § 13. The Religious War. 415 § 14. The Augsburg Interim. 416 § 15. Religious Peace of Augsburg. 421 Chapter VI. The Organisation Of Lutheran Churches. 427 Chapter VII. The Lutheran Reformation Outside Ger- many. 444 Chapter VIII. The Religious Principles Inspiring The Reformation. 453 § 1. The Reformation did not take its rise from a Criticism of Doctrines. 453 § 2. The universal Priesthood of Believers. 462 § 3. Justification by Faith. 472 § 4. Holy Scripture. 481 § 5. The Person of Christ. 496 § 6. The Church. 509 Index. 518 Footnotes . 583 [Transcriber's Note: The cover image was produced by the submitter at Distributed Proofreading, and is being placed into the public domain.] [i] Series Advertisement. The International Theological Library. UNDER THE EDITORSHIP OF THE REV. CHARLES A. BRIGGS, D.D., D.LIT., Professor of Theological Encyclopædia and Symbolics, Union Theological Seminary, New York; AND THE LATE REV. STEWART D. F. SALMOND, D.D., Principal, and Professor of Systematic Theology and New Testament Exegesis, United Free Church College, Aberdeen. This Library is designed to cover the whole field of Christian Theology. Each volume is to be complete in itself, while, at the same time, it will form part of a carefully planned whole. It is intended to form a Series of Text-Books for Students of Theology. The Authors will be scholars of recognised reputation in the several branches of study assigned to them. They will be associated with each other and with the Editors in the effort to provide a series of volumes which may adequately represent the present condition of investigation. THIRTEEN VOLUMES OF THE SERIES ARE NOW READY, VIZ.:— An Introduction to the Literature of the Old Testament. By S. R. DRIVER, D.D., D.Litt., Regius Professor of Hebrew, and Canon of Christ Church, Oxford. Seventh Edition. 12s. Christian Ethics. By NEWMAN SMYTH, D.D., Pastor of the First Congregational Church, New Haven, Conn. Third Edition. 10s. 6d. Series Advertisement. 3 Apologetics. By the late A. B. BRUCE, D.D., Professor of New Testament Exegesis, Free Church College, Glasgow. Third Edition. 10s. 6d. History of Christian Doctrine. By G. P. FISHER, D.D., LL.D., Professor of Ecclesiastical History, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. Second Edition. 12s. A History of Christianity In the Apostolic Age. By ARTHUR CUSHMAN MCGIFFERT, Ph.D., D.D., Professor of Church History, Union Theological Seminary, New York. 12s. Christian Institutions. By A. V. G. ALLEN, D.D., Professor of Ecclesiastical History, Episcopal Theological School, Cambridge, Mass. 12s. The Christian Pastor. By WASHINGTON GLADDEN, D.D., LL.D., Pastor of Congregational Church, Columbus, Ohio. 10s. 6d. The Theology of the New Testament. By GEORGE B. STEVENS, D.D., LL.D., Professor of Systematic Theology in Yale University, U.S.A. 12s. [ii] The Ancient Catholic Church. By ROBERT RAINY, D.D., Principal of The New College, Edinburgh. 12s. Old Testament History. By H.P. SMITH, D.D., Professor of Biblical History, Amherst College, U.S.A. 12s. The Theology of the Old Testament. By the late A.B. DAVIDSON, D.D., LL.D. Edited by the late Principal SALMOND, D.D. 12s. Doctrine of Salvation. By GEORGE B. STEVENS, D.D., LL.D., Professor of Systematic Theology, Yale University. 12s. The Reformation. (Vol. I.—In Germany.) By T. M. LINDSAY, D.D., Principal of the United Free Church College, Glasgow. 10s. 6d. VOLUMES IN PREPARATION:— The Reformation. (Vol. II.—In Lands beyond Germany.) By T.M. LINDSAY, D.D., Principal of the United Free Church College, Glasgow. 4 A History of the Reformation (Vol. 1 of 2) The Literature of the New Testament. By JAMES MOFFATT, D.D., United Free Church, Dundonald, Scotland. Contemporary History of the Old Testament. By FRANCIS BROWN, D.D., D.Lit., Professor of Hebrew and Cognate Languages, Union Theological Seminary, New York. The Early Latin Church. By CHARLES BIGG, D.D., Regius Professor of Church History, and Canon of Christ Church, Oxford. Canon and Text of the New Testament. By CASPAR RENÉ GREGORY, D.D., LL.D., Professor in the University of Leipzig. Contemporary History of the New Testament. By FRANK C. PORTER, Ph.D., Yale University, New Haven, Conn. Philosophy of Religion. By ROBERT FLINT, D.D., LL.D., Emeritus Professor of Divinity, University of Edinburgh. Later Latin Church. By E. W. WATSON, M.A., Professor of Church History, King's College, London. The Christian Preacher. By W. T. DAVISON, D.D., Tutor in Systematic Theology, Richmond College, Surrey. The Greek and Oriental Churches. By W. F. ADENEY, D.D., Principal of Lancashire College, Manchester. Biblical Archæology. By G. BUCHANAN GRAY, D.D., Professor of Hebrew, Mansfield College, Oxford. The History of Religions. By GEORGE F. MOORE, D.D., LL.D., Professor in Harvard University. Doctrine of God. By WILLIAM N. CLARKE, D.D.