MULTIPURPOSE WATER USES OF HYDROPOWER RESERVOIRS 7 APRIL 2015 “SHARING THE WATER USES OF MULTIPURPOSE HYDROPOWER RESERVOIRS: THE SHARE CONCEPT” FINAL VERSION This paper presents the main deliverables of the EDF – WWC framework “multipurpose water uses of hydropower reservoirs”. Multipurpose hydropower reservoirs are designed and/or operated to provide services beyond electricity generation, such as water supply, flood and drought management, irrigation, navigation, fisheries, environmental services and recreational activities, etc. These reservoir purposes can conflict at times but are also often complementary: a major challenge with multi‑purpose reservoirs is sharing water amongst competing users. This framework provides: tools to avoid/minimize tensions among users, governance issues for all stages and financial/economical models to develop and operate such multipurpose reservoirs. The SHARE concept was developed as a solution of these challenges. It is based on international case studies to find guidance on particular issues of multipurpose water reservoirs. By Emmanuel BRANCHE Version: Final ‑ April, 7th 2015 The author wish to thank in particular the people and organisations that participated in the discussions of the Steering Committee and those who provided comments on the draft main report: • EDF ‑ Electricité de France (Jean Comby) • ICOLD ‑ International Commission on Large Dams (Alessandro Palmieri) • IEA Hydro ‑ International Energy Agency Hydro (Niels Nielsen) • IHA ‑ International Hydropower Association (Richard Taylor and Tracy Lane) • IUCN ‑ International Union for Conservation of Nature (James Dalton) • IWMI ‑ International Water Management Institute (Jeremy Bird and Matthew McCartney) • OECD ‑ Organisation for Economic Co‑operation and Development (Delphine Clavreul) • PFE/FWP ‑ French Water Partnership (Philippe Guettier) • WB ‑ The World Bank (Rikard Liden and Kimberly Lyon) • WBCSD ‑ World Business Council for Sustainable Development (Joppe Cramwinckel) • WWF (Jian‑hua Meng) The author wish to thank the people who provided information or comments to case studies: • Hélène Xhaard (EP Loire) for the Villerest project in France; • Rikard Liden (WB ‑ World Bank) for the Kandadji project in Niger; • Lise Breuil and Nicolas Fornage (AFD ‑ Agence Française de Développement) for the Lom Pangar project in Cameroun ; • Judy | Dan ZHU (China Three Gorges Corporation) for the Three Gorges project in China; • Helen Locher and Greg Carson (HydroTasmania) for the Arthurs Lake project and Bronte Lagoon project in Australia; A special thank to Niels Nielsen (IEA Hydro) for reviewing all the case studies is to be acknowleged. The author wish also to thank the World Water Council team involved in this Framework for their engagement and support: Danielle Gaillard‑Picher, Kata Molnar and Allelign Zeru. « Sharing the water uses of multipurpose hydropower reservoirs: the SHARE concept » Author and contact for additional information: Emmanuel BRANCHE ‑ Sustainable Development Department EDF‑CIH Savoie Technolac 73373 Le Bourget du Lac Cedex – France Phone: +33 (0)4 79 60 64 26 Mobile: +33 (0)6 47 86 35 65 Email: [email protected] or [email protected] EDF‑WWC FRAMEWORK “MULTIPURPOSE WATER USES OF HYDROPOWER RESERVOIRS” SHARING THE WATER USES OF MULTIPURPOSE HYDROPOWER RESERVOIRS: THE SHARE CONCEPT ‑ MAIN DOCUMENT TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 CONTEXT ......................................................................................................6 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...............................................................................8 3 INTRODUCTION TO MULTIPURPOSE HYDROPOWER RESERVOIRS ........12 4 THE SHARE CONCEPT ................................................................................16 4.1 | Sustainability approach for all users .................................................................16 4.2 | Higher efficiency and equity among sectors .....................................................19 4.3 | Adaptability for all solutions ............................................................................24 4.4 | River basin perspectives for all .........................................................................28 4.5 | Engaging all stakeholders ................................................................................31 5 THE WAY FORWARD ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������36 6 REFERENCES ...............................................................................................39 7 APPENDIXES ..............................................................................................40 7.1 | Overview of case studies .................................................................................40 7.2 | Arenal (Costa Rica, Latin America) ...................................................................42 7.2.1 | Project description ..................................................................................................................42 7.2.2 | A participative approach for resettlement in the 1970s ...........................................................44 7.2.3 | Establishment of a Commission for a better integrated vision of the water �����������������������������45 7.2.4 | The Arenal Lake is classified as a Ramsar site since 2000 .........................................................46 7.2.5 | Main lessons learnt ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������46 7.2.6 | References .............................................................................................................................47 7.3 | Olmos Project (Peru, Latin America) .................................................................48 7.3.1 | Project description ..................................................................................................................48 7.3.2 | A targeted approach for a better and efficient water use among users ...................................49 7.3.3 | The financing challenge overcome by an innovative PPP .........................................................51 7.3.4 | Main lessons learnt ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������53 7.3.5 | References .............................................................................................................................53 7.4 | Cumberland (United States of America, North America) ..................................54 7.4.1 | Project description ..................................................................................................................54 7.4.2 | Operation is flexible to address changing societal values or expectations ................................56 7.4.3 | A strong water management system with stakeholder engagement .......................................56 7.4.4 | Main lessons learnt ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������59 7.4.5 | References .............................................................................................................................59 7.5 | Tennessee Valley Authority (United States of America, North America) .............60 7.5.1 | Project description ..................................................................................................................61 7.5.2 | Managing the river system flows as a key strategy ..................................................................67 7.5.3 | TVA’s Involvement in Water Supply for the Tennessee Valley Region ........................................68 7.5.4 | Governance and stakeholder engagement: the Integrated Resource Plan ................................69 7.5.5 | Main lessons learnt ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������69 7.5.6 | References .............................................................................................................................70 7.6 | Durance‑Verdon (France, Europe) ....................................................................71 7.6.1 | Project description ..................................................................................................................71 7.6.2 | Management of the multipurpose scheme .............................................................................73 7.6.3 | Operation of the Multipurpose Scheme ..................................................................................76 7.6.4 | Consultation and participative approach as an effective tool ...................................................78 7.6.5 | A shared vision of the future among stakeholders with “R2D2,2050” project .........................79 7.6.6 | Water saving conventions to foster solidarity across the water basin .......................................82 7.6.7 | The “EDF Value creation methodology”: effective benefits quantification and evaluation ........83 7.6.8 | Main lessons learnt ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������86 7.6.9 | References .............................................................................................................................87 7.7 | Villerest (France, Europe) .................................................................................88 7.7.1 | Project description ..................................................................................................................88