A Comparison of the Current Top Supercomputers Russell Martin Xavier Gallardo Top500.org • Started in 1993 to maintain statistics on the top 500 performing supercomputers in the world • Started by Hans Meuer, updated twice annually • Uses LINPACK as main benchmark November 2012 List 1. Titan, Cray, USA 2. Sequoia, IBM, USA 3. K Computer, Fujitsu, Japan 4. Mira, IBM, USA 5. JUQueen, IBM, Germany 6. SuperMUC, IBM, Germany Performance Trends http://top500.org/statistics/perfdevel/ Trends • 84.8% use 6+ processor cores • 76% Intel, 12% AMD Opteron, 10.6% IBM Power • Most common Interconnects - Infiniband, Gigabit Ethernet • 251 in USA, 123 in Asia, 105 in Europe • Current #1 Computer • Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, Tennessee • Operational Oct 29, 2012 • Scientific research • AMD Opteron / NVIDIA Tesla • 18688 Nodes, 560640 Cores • Cray Gemini Interconnect • Theoretical 27 PFLOPS Sequoia • Ranked #2 • Located at the Lawrence Livermore National Library in Livermore, CA • Designed for "Uncertainty Quantification Studies" • Fully classified work starting April 17 2013 Sequoia • Cores: 1572864 • Nodes: 98304 • RAM: 1572864 GB • Interconnect: Custom 5D Torus • Max Performance: 16324.8 Tflops • Theoretical Max: 20132.7 Tflops • Power Consumption: 7890 kW Sequoia • IBM BlueGene/Q Architecture o Started in 1999 for protein folding o Custom SoC Layout 16 PPC Cores per Chip, each 1.6Ghz, 0.8V • Built for OpenMP and POSIX programs • Automatic SIMD exploitation Sequoia • #3 on Top 500, #1 June 2011 • RIKEN Advanced Institute for Computational Sciences Kobe, Japan • Climate research, disaster prevention, medical research • SPARC64 VIIIfx CPU • 88k+ computer nodes, 700k+ cores • 6D "Tofu" Torus Interconnect • Theoretical 11.28 PFLOPS SuperMUC • Currently #6 on Top 500 o #4 and 5 are also BlueGene/Q • Located at Leibniz Rechenzentrum in Munich, Germany • Began Operation in June 2012 • Open for European researchers to use for scientific research SuperMUC • OS: Suse Linux Enterprise Server • System Manager: xCat (IBM) • Batch Processing: Loadleveler (IBM) • IBM MPI & Intel MPI SuperMUC • Warm Water Cooling o Typically inflow is 16C, output of 20C o Water inflow of ~40C o Outflow up to 70C, used for technical processes or heating buildings • 18 "Thin Node Islands", 1 "Fat Node Island" o Thin islands have 512 Nodes, Fat Island has 205 SuperMUC Statistics Titan Sequoia K Computer SuperMUC Rank1236 Location Oak Ridge, Livermore, Kobe, Munich, TN CA Japan Germany Nodes 18688 98304 88128 9400 Cores 560640 1572864 705024 155656 Max 17590 16324.8 10510.0 2897.0 Performanc e (TFLOPs) Theoretical 27112.5 20132.7 11280.4 3185.1 Max (TFLOPs) Power (kW) 8209.0 7890.0 12659.89 3422.67 Statistics Sources • www.top500.org • http://www.lrz.de/services/compute/supermuc/ • http://www.lrz.de/services/compute/supermuc/manuals/ Best-Practice-Guide-SuperMUC/Best-Practice-Guide- SuperMUC-pdf.pdf • https://asc.llnl.gov/computing_resources/sequoia/ • http://www.alcf.anl.gov/sites/www.alcf.anl.gov/files/IBM_ BGQ_Architecture_0.pdf • http://www.olcf.ornl.gov/titan/ • http://www.fujitsu.com/global/about/tech/k/ Questions?.