Future of Transport System interoperability and standards About BSI BSI is a global thought leader in the development of standards of best practice for business and industry. Formed in 1901, BSI was the world’s first National Standards Body (NSB) and a founding member of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Over a century later, BSI is focused on business improvement across the globe, working with experts in all sectors of the economy to develop codes, guidance and specifications that will accelerate innovation, increase productivity and support growth. Renowned as the originator of many of the world’s best-known business standards, BSI’s activity spans multiple sectors including aerospace, automotive, built environment, food, healthcare and ICT. Over 95% of BSI’s work is on international and European standards. In its role as the UK National Standards Body, BSI represents UK economic and social interests across the international standards organizations ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC and ETSI, providing the infrastructure for over 11,000 experts to work on international, European, national and PAS standards development in their chosen fields. Important notice This research paper has been prepared for general information purposes relating to its subject matter only. It is not intended to be advice on any particular course of action. For more information on its subject matter specifically, or on Standards and other services offered by The British Standards Institution more generally, please contact [email protected]. Although this report was commissioned by the Department for Transport (DfT), the findings and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the DfT. The information or guidance in this document (including third party information, products and services) is provided by DfT on an 'as is' basis, without any representation or endorsement made and without warranty of any kind whether express or implied. Authors Keiran Millard, BSI Peter Lee, BSI Nick Fleming, BSI For more information, please visit www.bsigroup.com Acknowledgements The authors are grateful to all the participants of the working groups and workshops for their contributions and insights. Jon Harrod Booth, Chair of BSI EPL/278 Intelligent transport systems Beate Kubitz, beatekubitz.com Future of Transport: System interoperability and standards __________________________________________________________________________________________________ Table of contents About ............................................................................................................................... i BSI ............................................................................................................................................ i Authors ..................................................................................................................................... i Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................. ii Abbreviations .................................................................................................................. iii 1. Future of Transport: System interoperability and standards ........................................ v Key findings .................................................................................................................. v Recommendations ....................................................................................................... vi Recommendation 1: Framework standards ............................................................................ viii Recommendation 2: Data ontology .......................................................................................... ix Recommendation 3: Data Advisory Panel .................................................................................. x Recommendation 4: FoT Data community ................................................................................ xi 2. The Future of Transport relies on many types of standards to support data exchange .1 2.1 Future of Transport context ........................................................................................... 1 2.2 System interoperability and data exchange .................................................................... 1 2.3 Standards ..................................................................................................................... 2 3. Guidance is required on the availability and use of current standards .........................3 3.1 Formal standards identified relevant to FoT ................................................................... 3 3.2 Key observations from formal standards landscape ....................................................... 5 3.3 Non-formal standards ................................................................................................... 8 3.3.1 Core UK public transport data exchange ........................................................................................... 8 3.3.2 General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS) – the Google feed .........................................................10 3.3.3 Open source bike share feed: GBFS .................................................................................................10 3.4 Core data exchange standards for transport systems .................................................. 11 4. New standards are required to define FoT operations at a holistic level .................... 14 4.1 Six scenarios that constrain the delivery of future transport services ............................ 14 4.2 How the FoT value chain is constrained by standards gaps ............................................ 15 4.3 Data commons management is a key part of the FoT value chain .................................. 17 5. A shared FoT ontology is required to support and advance data exchange ................ 18 5.1 A shared understanding of FoT data is required ........................................................... 18 5.2 An approach to define an ontology of FoT data topics was identified ........................... 20 6. A Data Advisory Panel is needed to populate the FoT data infrastructure ................. 21 i © The British Standards Institution 2020 Future of Transport: System interoperability and standards __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6.1 Scope of the Data Advisory Panel ................................................................................ 21 6.2 Include a structured appraisal of data relevancy .......................................................... 21 6.3 Make use of product specifications to accurately define datasets ................................. 24 7. A community with appropriate authority is required to lead improvements in FoT data exchange ........................................................................................................................ 25 7.1 FoT governance and mission ........................................................................................ 25 7.2 FoT can learn from the experience of other industries .................................................. 26 Annex 1 Project ........................................................................................................... 28 A1.1 Brief ............................................................................................................................... 28 A1.2 Approach ....................................................................................................................... 29 A1.3 Expert Group .................................................................................................................. 30 A1.4 Organisations at validation workshop ............................................................................. 30 A1.5 Scope of validation workshop ......................................................................................... 31 Annex 2 FoT data topic ontology ................................................................................. 32 Annex 3 NeTEx and GTFS ............................................................................................. 33 Annex 4 Core standards for transport data exchange .................................................. 34 Annex 5 Standards development organisations ........................................................... 35 Figure 1 – Recommendations in the context of the FoT Value Chain ............................................. vii Figure 2 – The relationship between users and the FoT ecosystem .................................................. 2 Figure 3 – Standards and innovation ........................................................................................................... 2 Figure 4 – BSI’s core activity related to standardization in transport ................................................ 3 Figure 5 – Conceptual view of the search terms used for the standards searches........................ 4 Figure 6 – Standards breakdown – BSI search terms .............................................................................. 5 Figure 7 – Standards search results by ICS Code ..................................................................................... 5 Figure 8 – Standards abstraction levels example ..................................................................................... 6 Figure 9 – Use