International Telecommunication Union QUESTION 18/2 Strategy for migration of mobile networks to IMT-2000 and beyond ITU-D STUDY GROUP 2 RAPPORTEUR FOR QUESTION 18/2 IMT-2000 for developing countries” IMT-2000 “Mid-Term Guidelines (MTG) on the smooth transition of existing mobile networks to IMT-2000 for developing countries” “Mid-Term Guidelines (MTG) on the smooth transition of existing mobile networks to Guidelines (MTG) on the smooth transition of existing “Mid-Term QUESTION 18/2 International Telecommunication Printed in Switzerland Union Geneva, 2005 Photo credits: ITU Photo Library ITU-D THE STUDY GROUPS OF ITU-D The ITU-D Study Groups were set up in accordance with Resolutions 2 of the World Telecommunication Development Conference (WTDC) held in Buenos Aires, Argentina, in 1994). For the period 2002-2006, Study Group 1 is entrusted with the study of seven Questions in the field of telecommunication development strategies and policies. Study Group 2 is entrusted with the study of eleven Questions in the field of development and management of telecommunication services and networks. For this period, in order to respond as quickly as possible to the concerns of developing countries, instead of being approved during the WTDC, the output of each Question is published as and when it is ready. For further information Please contact: Ms Fidélia AKPO Telecommunication Development Bureau (BDT) ITU Place des Nations CH-1211 GENEVA 20 Switzerland Telephone: +41 22 730 5439 Fax: +41 22 730 5484 E-mail: [email protected] Placing orders for ITU publications Please note that orders cannot be taken over the telephone. They should be sent by fax or e-mail. ITU Sales Service Place des Nations CH-1211 GENEVA 20 Switzerland Fax: +41 22 730 5194 E-mail: [email protected] The Electronic Bookshop of ITU: www.itu.int/publications © ITU 2005 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. International Telecommunication Union Question 18/2 “Mid-Term Guidelines (MTG) on the smooth transition of existing mobile networks to IMT-2000 for developing countries” Version 0.7.6 ITU-D Study Group 2 3rd Study Period (2002-2006) DISCLAIMER This report has been prepared by many volunteers from different Administrations and companies. The mention of specific companies or products does not imply any endorsement or recommendation by ITU. Report on Question 18/2 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Foreword ...................................................................................................................................................... ix Summary ...................................................................................................................................................... xi 1 INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 From existing mobile networks to IMT-2000.......................................................................... 1 1.2 Driving forces for IMT-2000 ................................................................................................... 2 1.3 IMT-2000 terrestrial technologies ........................................................................................... 3 1.3.1 ITU IMT-2000 Family of Systems Concept.................................................................. 3 1.3.2 IMT-2000 Radio Access Networks and Standards........................................................ 4 1.3.3 IMT-2000 Core Networks ............................................................................................. 6 1.4 IMT-2000 Standards Organizations......................................................................................... 7 1.5 Demand for non-voice, high bit-rate services.......................................................................... 8 1.6 Flexibility: Multi-environment capabilities ............................................................................. 8 2 DEVELOPMENT OF POLICIES FOR TRANSITION OF EXISTING NETWORKS TO IMT-2000 ........................................................................................................................................... 8 2.1 Special needs of operators, regulators and users in developing countries ............................... 9 2.1.1 Special needs of operators ............................................................................................. 9 2.1.2 Special needs of regulators ............................................................................................ 11 2.1.3 Special needs of users.................................................................................................... 11 2.2 Strategies for smooth transition ............................................................................................... 12 2.2.1 Regulatory flexibility to allow transition....................................................................... 12 2.3 Accommodating special needs for transitioning to IMT-2000 ................................................ 12 2.3.1 Solutions for low density areas...................................................................................... 12 2.3.2 Solutions for high density areas..................................................................................... 13 2.3.3 Universal service/access to basic and advanced services .............................................. 13 2.3.4 Extension of IMT-2000 services to other accesses, including access via fixed networks ............................................................................................................... 14 2.4 IMT-2000 service offerings ..................................................................................................... 14 2.5 Spectrum requirements (including the possibility of using existing bands) ............................ 15 2.5.1 Current spectrum allocation for IMT-2000 ................................................................... 15 2.5.2 Use of first and second-generation mobile spectrum for IMT-2000 ............................. 16 2.6 Interoperability with existing networks and among IMT-2000 technologies.......................... 16 2.7 Licensing aspects (Practices) ................................................................................................... 17 2.7.1 Licensing conditions...................................................................................................... 17 2.7.2 Methods of spectrum licensing...................................................................................... 17 2.8 Lawful interception and common access to emergency services............................................. 22 3 TRANSITION PATHS ...................................................................................................................... 22 3.1 Introduction.............................................................................................................................. 22 3.2 Considerations for transition.................................................................................................... 24 3.2.1 Characteristics of IMT-2000 Radio Access and Core Networks technologies.............. 28 3.2.2 Functional and service enhancements for users............................................................. 32 3.2.3 Functional and service enhancements for operators...................................................... 33 3.3 Transition from analogue (1G) systems (AMPS, NMT, TACS) ............................................. 36 3.3.1 Transition to IMT-2000 CDMA Direct Spread ............................................................. 36 3.3.2 Transition to IMT-2000 CDMA Multi-Carrier.............................................................. 36 3.3.3 Transition to IMT-2000 TDMA Single-Carrier............................................................. 38 3.4 Transition from TDMA/D-AMPS Systems ............................................................................. 38 3.4.1 Transition to IMT-2000 CDMA Direct Spread ............................................................. 38 3.4.2 Transition to IMT-2000 CDMA Multi-Carrier.............................................................. 38 3.4.3 Transition to IMT-2000 TDMA Single-Carrier............................................................. 40 iv Report on Question 18/1 Page 3.5 Transition from PDC................................................................................................................ 41 3.5.1 Transition to IMT-2000 CDMA Direct Spread ............................................................. 41 3.5.2 Transition to IMT-2000 CDMA Multi-Carrier.............................................................. 41 3.6 Transition from cdmaOne Systems.......................................................................................... 42 3.6.1 Transition to IMT-2000 CDMA Multi-Carrier.............................................................. 42 3.7 Transition from GSM Systems ................................................................................................ 43 3.7.1 Transition to IMT-2000 CDMA Direct Spread ............................................................. 44 3.7.2 Transition to IMT-2000 CDMA TDD (time-code) ....................................................... 45 3.7.3 Transition to IMT-2000 TDMA Single-Carrier............................................................. 47 3.8 Capacity planning and