INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCE PLANNING PREPARED BY: Dr. Richard N. Palmer Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Washington, Seattle, Washington Kathryn V. Lundberg Department of Environmental Engineering Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science Columbia University, New York, New York TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................... 1 1. Why was IWRP Developed? ....................................................................................................................... 1 2. Advantages of IWRP .................................................................................................................................. 2 3. How can IWRP be used? ............................................................................................................................ 2 4. IWRP Framework ....................................................................................................................................... 3 5. Report Content .......................................................................................................................................... 5 A Review of Water Resource Planning .................................................................................................................... 6 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 6 2. A Brief History of Water Resources Planning .............................................................................................. 6 3. The Agents in Water Resources Planning ................................................................................................... 7 4. Characteristics of Water Resources Planning .............................................................................................. 7 A. Plan Iteration .................................................................................................................................................................. 7 B. Screening ........................................................................................................................................................................ 8 C. Scoping ............................................................................................................................................................................ 8 D. The Seven-Step Planning Process ................................................................................................................................. 8 5. Summary ................................................................................................................................................. 12 Attributes of Integrated Water Resources Planning .............................................................................................. 13 1. Public Involvement .................................................................................................................................. 13 A. Identifying Stakeholders ................................................................................................................................................ 13 B. Early Involvement .......................................................................................................................................................... 13 C. Consensus Building ........................................................................................................................................................ 14 D. Circles of Influence ........................................................................................................................................................ 14 E. Closure ........................................................................................................................................................................... 14 2. Water Demand Forecasting ..................................................................................................................... 15 A. Models of Water Demand Forecasting .......................................................................................................................... 15 B. Incorporating Conservation and Changing Priorities ..................................................................................................... 16 C. Demand Management ................................................................................................................................................... 17 i 3. Water Supply Reliability Evaluation ......................................................................................................... 17 A. Definition of Safe Yield .................................................................................................................................................. 17 B. Conjunctive Management ............................................................................................................................................. 18 C. Climate Change .............................................................................................................................................................. 18 D. Emphasize Recent Droughts .......................................................................................................................................... 18 E. Assume Characteristic Changes in Streamflow ............................................................................................................. 19 F. Assume Characteristic Changes in Climate .................................................................................................................... 19 G. Perform Regional Assessment of Climate Change ......................................................................................................... 19 4. Source Strategies ..................................................................................................................................... 19 A. Water Supply Options .................................................................................................................................................... 20 5. Developing Resource Portfolios ............................................................................................................... 20 A. Cost ................................................................................................................................................................................ 21 B. System Reliability ........................................................................................................................................................... 21 C. Environmental Impacts .................................................................................................................................................. 21 D. Public Participation and Public Acceptance ................................................................................................................... 21 E. Designing Rate Structures and Tariffs ............................................................................................................................ 21 6. Drought Contingency Planning ................................................................................................................. 22 Emergency Planning............................................................................................................................................. 24 1. Vulnerability Assessment ......................................................................................................................... 24 2. Mitigation ................................................................................................................................................ 27 3. Emergency Response Plan ....................................................................................................................... 28 Modeling the IWRP Process .................................................................................................................................. 30 1. Knowledge and data information storage ................................................................................................ 30 2. Preprocessors .......................................................................................................................................... 31 3. Analytical Engines .................................................................................................................................... 31 4. Postprocessors ........................................................................................................................................ 31 5. Visualization, Interactive User Interface, and System Help Functions ....................................................... 31 Conclusions .......................................................................................................................................................... 34 References ........................................................................................................................................................... 35 ii IRP is a continuous process that results in the INTRODUCTION development of a comprehensive water resource management plan.