Community Policing June 2018 Lessons learned from dialogue efforts between the police and local communities in Kharkiv Oblast O. Kopina, O. Miroshnyk and O. Serdiuk www.hd centre.org Credits HD and the Foundation for Local Democracy express their O.P. Kopina appreciation to Global Affairs Canada for its generous sup- ‘Dialogue between the Police and the Community as a port for this project and for the preparation of this report. Social Technology to Introduce Community Policing Principles: Methodological recommendations’ Authors O.P. Kopina, O.S. Miroshnyk, O.O. Serdiuk; Foundation O.P. Kopina, Head of the Laboratory of Peaceful Solutions for Local Democracy; Laboratory of Peaceful Solutions; (Section 3; Section 4 (with O.S. Miroshnyk)) Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs. Kharkiv: O.S. Miroshnyk, Head of the Management Board of the (KhNUIA), 2018. Foundation for Local Democracy Methodological guide on using dialogue as a social instru- (Section 4 (with O.P. Kopina)) ment in the engagement of the police with the community O.O. Serdiuk, Deputy Chair of Research Laboratory on in order to introduce community policing principles with Combating Crime at Kharkiv National University of Internal the example of the ‘Dialogue between the police and the Affairs, PhD (Sociological Sciences), Associate Professor Community Project’ implemented by the Foundation for (Section 1, Section 2, general editorship) Local Democracy and the Laboratory of Peaceful Solutions in the territorial community of Nova Vodolaha, Kharkiv Oblast. Approved by the Meeting of the Research Laboratory on Combating Crime at Kharkiv National University of Internal UDC 316.334.4:351.74(477) Affairs, 27 December 2017, Protocol No. 14 LBC 60.550.52+67.9(4УКР)301.163.1 K65 © O.P. Kopina, O.S. Miroshnyk, O.O. Serdiuk 2018 © Foundation for Local Democracy, 2018, in partnership with the Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue Foundation for Local Democracy The Foundation for Local Democracy is a non-profit think-tank established in 1995. The organisation’s mission is to partici- Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue pate in: peacebuilding processes; the study of economic, 114, Rue de Lausanne political, integrational and social transformations in Ukraine; 1202 Geneva | Switzerland promotion of reforms and development of communities and local self-government; and dialogue with authorities through t : +41 22 908 11 30 local democracy institutions and civil society organisations. f : +41 22 908 11 40 [email protected] The Foundation has prepared dozens of analytical studies on www.hdcentre.org the authorities and civil society operation, developed recom- mendations on local self-government building and reforms in The Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue (HD) is a private Ukraine. Olha Miroshnyk is the Foundation’s founder and head. diplomacy organisation founded on the principles of humanity, impartiality and independence. Its mission is to For more details, please, refer to the Foundation’s website at help prevent, mitigate, and resolve armed conflict through www.fmd.kh.ua dialogue and mediation. Foundation for Local Democracy © 2018 – Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue EDRPOU: 41494637, tel. +380501626045 Reproduction of all or part of this publication may be E-mail: [email protected] authorised only with written consent and acknowledgment of the source. www.fmd.kh.ua Table of contents Preface ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 1. Community policing as partnership between police and community ........................................................................................................ 4 1.1 Definitions and development of community policing 4 1.2 Elements of community policing 4 1.3 Implementation stages of community policing 5 1.4 Approaches used in community policing 5 1.5 The pilot project in Kharkiv 6 2. Legal foundations for community policing in Ukraine ................................................................................................................................................ 8 2.1 The law on national policing 8 2.2 Strategy 2020 and safe living 9 2.3 Strategic priorities of MIA agencies and activities 10 2.4 Ukrainian law on public order and border protection 13 3. Dialogue as a social technology .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 14 3.1 Dialogue: definitions, principles and types 14 3.2 The use of dialogue to introduce community policing principles in Ukraine 16 3.3 Examples of using dialogue in work with law enforcement agencies 17 4. Experience of introducing community policing principles in Nova Vodolaha ................................................................................. 20 4.1 ‘Dialogue between the Police and the Community’ 20 4.2 The research component 21 4.3 The Dialogue Group 24 4.4 The educational component 24 4.5 The information and cultural component 26 5. Conclusions and recommendations .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 27 Endnotes ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 54 2 Community Policing Annexes 1. Comprehensive Programme of Crime Prevention on the Territory of Nova Vodolaha Settlement Council for 2018–2019 (Annual Safer Community Programme) ............................................................................................ 29 2. Draft form for public accountability report discussed and adopted by the Dialogue Group .......................................... 33 3. Individual accountability forms for police officers............. ......................................................................................................................................... 36 4. Analytical note on public associations for public order maintenance .................................................................................................... 37 5. Who are public aides of the police? ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 41 6. Photographs and notes ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 42 Community Policing 3 Preface Ukraine has faced a challenging and controversial process mated Territorial Community who was always there to support of state reforms in recent years. This guide deals with just one the idea of dialogue for bringing about cooperation between aspect of this. Community policing is a process of developing the police, the authorities and the community, and who per- engagement between the community and the police through sonally participated in our events and activities. Members cooperation to make the community more safe, tolerant and of the Settlement Council also directly participated in the self-sufficient. Community policing is common to two differ- project as part of the Dialogue Group and were actively ent reform processes started in parallel but without coor- engaged in the development of the Draft Project for the dination or cooperation to share results. First, a process Safer Community Programme. The cooperation resulted in a of decentralisation has established amalgamated territorial Safer Community Programme that incorporated proposals communities. Second, overall police reform has aimed to developed by the Dialogue Group and then approved at the bring a new philosophy into the work of the police by facili- session of the Amalgamated Territorial Community Council. tating the transition from ‘punishing’ to cooperating with the community on the basis of openness and transparency. The project would have been impossible without public activists and organisations. We are grateful to: Yevhen Our aim in the project reported here was to develop a model Hryhorenko, head of ‘Crazy Rover’ Public Organisation for of cooperation between the police and local people in one his bright ideas on the Bike Day event and development of of the newly created amalgamated territorial communities: samples for printed materials on project activities; Serhii Nova Vodolaha, within Kharkiv Oblast.1 The project was Romaniuk (Nova Vodolaha Association of ATO Veterans), who especially challenging initially because there was no struc- became a coordinator of the Kitchen of Peace event, bring- ture for coordination between different branches of govern- ing together the police and dozens of community members, ment, the police and the public. Everyone was busy doing including ATO veterans; Kostiantyn Lihanenko and Vlad their own jobs, in relative isolation, and there was no joint Samoilenko (‘The Next Generation’ NGO), who participated action plan on developing a safe and sustainable community. in the work of the Dialogue Group and