Global Project on Cybercrime The cybercrime legislation of Commonwealth States: Use of the Budapest Convention and Commonwealth Model Law Council of Europe contribution to the Commonwealth Working Group on Cybercrime Data Protection and Cybercrime Division Strasbourg, 27 February 2013 www.coe.int/cybercrime Global Project Commonwealth Cybercrime Legislation Page 2 Project funded by Estonia, Japan, Monaco, Romania, United Kingdom, Microsoft and the Council of Europe Contact Disclaimer For further information please contact: This technical report does not necessarily reflect official positions of the Council of Europe or of Data Protection and Cybercrime Division the donors funding this project or of the parties Directorate General of Human Rights and Rule of Law to treaties referred to. Council of Europe Strasbourg, France Tel +33-3-8841-2103 Fax +33-3-9021-5650 Email: [email protected] Global Project Commonwealth Cybercrime Legislation Page 3 Contents 1 Background ______________________________________________________________ 9 1.1 Commonwealth Secretariat Mandate on Cybercrime __________________________________ 9 1.2 Purpose of the report _________________________________________________________ 10 1.3 Sources of information ________________________________________________________ 12 1.3.1 Documents submitted to the Cybercrime Working Group ___________________________ 12 1.3.2 Council of Europe activities carried out under different projects (www.coe.int/cybercrime) _ 12 2 Budapest Convention/Commonwealth Model Law: Overview of implementation _________ 14 3 Commonwealth countries and the Cybercrime Convention: preliminary conclusions ______ 16 3.1 The value of the Budapest Convention ____________________________________________ 16 3.2 No need for regional approaches ________________________________________________ 17 3.3 Capacity building and enforcement of law _________________________________________ 17 3.4 Commonwealth states make use of the Budapest Convention __________________________ 17 3.5 Budapest Convention – framework for harmonised international cooperation against cybercrime18 3.5.1 Mutual Legal Assistance in the Commonwealth ___________________________________ 18 3.5.2 International cooperation in Chapter III of the Budapest Convention __________________ 19 3.5.3 Relevant work on international cooperation carried out by the Cybercrime Convention Committee (T-CY) _________________________________________________________________ 22 4 Country synopses ________________________________________________________ 27 4.1 Antigua and Barbuda _________________________________________________________ 27 4.1.1 Relevant legislation ________________________________________________________ 27 4.1.2 Definitions _______________________________________________________________ 27 4.1.3 Substantive law ___________________________________________________________ 27 4.1.4 Procedural law ____________________________________________________________ 27 4.1.5 Relation with the Budapest Convention on Cybercrime/the Commonwealth Model Law ____ 27 4.1.6 Country profile available: Yes ________________________________________________ 28 4.1.7 Cooperation with the Council of Europe: Yes _____________________________________ 28 4.2 Australia ___________________________________________________________________ 29 4.2.1 Relevant legislation ________________________________________________________ 29 4.2.2 Definitions _______________________________________________________________ 29 4.2.3 Substantive law ___________________________________________________________ 29 4.2.4 Relation with the Budapest Convention on Cybercrime/the Commonwealth Model Law ____ 29 4.2.5 Country profile available: Yes ________________________________________________ 30 4.2.6 Cooperation with the Council of Europe: Yes _____________________________________ 30 4.3 Bahamas __________________________________________________________________ 31 4.3.1 Relevant legislation ________________________________________________________ 31 4.3.2 Definitions _______________________________________________________________ 31 4.3.3 Substantive law ___________________________________________________________ 31 4.3.4 Procedural law ____________________________________________________________ 31 4.3.5 Country profile available: Yes ________________________________________________ 31 4.3.6 Cooperation with the Council of Europe: Yes _____________________________________ 31 4.4 Bangladesh _________________________________________________________________ 32 4.4.1 Relevant legislation ________________________________________________________ 32 4.4.2 Definitions _______________________________________________________________ 32 4.4.3 Substantive law ___________________________________________________________ 32 4.4.4 Procedural law ____________________________________________________________ 33 4.4.5 Country profile available: Yes ________________________________________________ 33 4.4.6 Cooperation with the Council of Europe: Yes _____________________________________ 33 4.5 Barbados __________________________________________________________________ 34 Global Project Commonwealth Cybercrime Legislation Page 4 4.5.1 Relevant legislation _______________________________________________________ 34 4.5.2 Definitions ______________________________________________________________ 34 4.5.3 Substantive law __________________________________________________________ 34 4.5.4 Procedural law ___________________________________________________________ 34 4.5.5 Relation with the Budapest Convention on Cybercrime/the Commonwealth Model Law ____ 34 4.5.6 Country profile available: Yes _______________________________________________ 34 4.5.7 Cooperation with the Council of Europe: Yes ____________________________________ 35 4.6 Botswana _________________________________________________________________ 36 4.6.1 Relevant legislation _______________________________________________________ 36 4.6.2 Definitions ______________________________________________________________ 36 4.6.3 Substantive law __________________________________________________________ 36 4.6.4 Procedural law ___________________________________________________________ 36 4.6.5 Relation with the Budapest Convention on Cybercrime/the Commonwealth Model Law ____ 36 4.6.6 Country profile available: Yes _______________________________________________ 37 4.6.7 Cooperation with the Council of Europe: Yes ____________________________________ 37 4.7 Brunei Darussalam __________________________________________________________ 38 4.7.1 Relevant legislation _______________________________________________________ 38 4.7.2 Definitions ______________________________________________________________ 38 4.7.3 Substantive law __________________________________________________________ 38 4.7.4 Procedural law ___________________________________________________________ 38 4.7.5 Country profile available: Yes _______________________________________________ 38 4.7.6 Cooperation with the Council of Europe: Yes ____________________________________ 38 4.8 Cameroon _________________________________________________________________ 39 4.8.1 Relevant legislation _______________________________________________________ 39 4.8.2 Substantive law __________________________________________________________ 39 4.8.3 Procedural law ___________________________________________________________ 39 4.8.4 Relation with the Budapest Convention on Cybercrime/the Commonwealth Model Law ____ 39 4.8.5 Country profile available: Yes _______________________________________________ 39 4.8.6 Cooperation with the Council of Europe: Yes ____________________________________ 39 4.9 Canada ___________________________________________________________________ 40 4.9.1 Relevant legislation _______________________________________________________ 40 4.9.2 Definitions ______________________________________________________________ 40 4.9.3 Substantive law __________________________________________________________ 40 4.9.4 Procedural law ___________________________________________________________ 41 4.9.5 Relation with the Budapest Convention on Cybercrime/the Commonwealth Model Law ____ 41 4.9.6 Country profile available: Yes _______________________________________________ 41 4.9.7 Cooperation with the Council of Europe: Yes ____________________________________ 41 4.10 Cyprus ___________________________________________________________________ 43 4.10.1 Relevant legislation _______________________________________________________ 43 4.10.2 Definitions ______________________________________________________________ 43 4.10.3 Substantive law __________________________________________________________ 43 4.10.4 Procedural law ___________________________________________________________ 43 4.10.5 Relation with the Budapest Convention on Cybercrime/the Commonwealth Model Law ____ 43 4.10.6 Country profile available: Partial _____________________________________________ 43 4.10.7 Cooperation with the Council of Europe: Yes ____________________________________ 43 4.11 Fiji ______________________________________________________________________ 44 4.11.1 Relevant legislation _______________________________________________________ 44 4.11.2 Definitions ______________________________________________________________ 44 4.11.3 Substantive law __________________________________________________________ 44 4.11.4 Procedural law ___________________________________________________________ 44 4.11.5 Country profile available: