Dolly, herself http://oracleformsinfo.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/clone.jpg Dolly the sheep, who became famous as the first mammal to be cloned from an adult cell, has died. The news was confirmed on Friday by the Roslin Institute, the Scottish research centre which created her. A decision was taken to "euthanize" six-year-old Dolly after a veterinary examination showed that she had a progressive lung disease, the institute said in a statement. Dolly became the first mammal clone when she was born on 5 July 1996. She was revealed to the public the following year. http://martinfrost.ws/htmlfiles/roslin_dolly.html What is a clone? A clone is a • Pieces of DNA group of • Plasmids genetically • Bacteria identical … ummm….. • Eukaryotic cells in vivo • Eukaryotic cells Thingies? • Organisms • Other examples? http://media.moddb.com/images/downloads/1/25/24418/Star_wars_the_clone_wars.jpg To DNA (& etc) http://anglelakesc.blogspot.com/2011/10/road-construction-detours.html Cloning a plasmid http://wiki.biomine.skelleftea.se/wiki/images/9/93/Cloning_with_the_help_of_LacZ_.png Do clones occur in nature? • Identical twins • Lymphocytes • An embryo … http://cadencemag.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/twins.gif YOU are a clone of your original fertilized egg! Are cloned cells identical? -- genetically? -- functionally? How? Why? Why not? Dolly & her baby – so Dolly was fertile Fertility is a common measure of whether a genome is really complete http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/2764039.stm First Cloned Mouse Dies Of Old Age: Technique Believed More Reliable Than That Used For Dolly The Sheephttp://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2000/05/10/tech/main193799.shtml • Why clone? • Clone what ? • Humans – Whole? • Financial benefit – Parts? • Convenience • Animals • Uniformity – Agricultural • Personal emotion – Environmental restoration • Medical intervention – Fun – e.g. cloned tissues • Plants & organs – Agricultural • other? – Environmental Why clone an animal? • Investigation • Agriculture • Pharmaceuticals • Correct an abnormality • Component shop • Produce a desired product (protein) • YOU develop a list Why clone an animal? Why clone a plant? • which sorts of animals ? • which sorts of plants? • what sort of cloning? • why? • what for? • potential problems or “issues”? How to clone an organism http://static.ddmcdn.com/gif/cloning-sheep.gif How to clone an organism v.2 http://martinfrost.ws/htmlfiles/clone1.gif How to clone an organism v.3 http://sciencenordic.com/sites/default/files/imagecache/620x/how%20to%20clone%20an%20animal1.jpg Nuclear Transfer http://www.biology.iupui.edu/biocourses/Biol540/images/16clone2.gif Human embryos IVF http://myselfishgenes.blogspot.com/2013/04/why-do-some-embryos-stop-growing-in-ivf.html But does it work? Can we clone an animal? What is success; what is a fluke? http://www.wired.com Hijacking a womb by another species – Jurassic Park? • Cow • gaur • But, why? http://www.riosmith.net/Gaur010.jpg http://4umf.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Dairy-Cow.jpg How to make an embryo: fertilization cloning partheno- genesis http://bioethics.georgetown.edu/pcbe/images/figure1.gif Transgenic Organisms http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/T/Transgenics.gif What could the sheep make? Could we do this with plants? http://web.eusl.info/blossom/article/images/transgenic.jpg http://www.scq.ubc.ca/wp-content/uploads/2006/08/pharming2.jpg Genetically modified foods In the News • Cloning 1 • Cloning 2 • Cloning 3 Link to links http://web.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_ Genome/project/index.shtml.