DRAFT 59 Rail Futures Inc THE MELBOURNE RAIL PLAN Moving People in a City of 8 Million 25 May 2019 This paper has been prepared by Rail Futures Incorporated in the public interest. Rail Futures Inc is an independent non-partisan group formed to advocate cost effective rail and intermodal solutions for public transport and freight problems based on sound commercial, economic and social reasoning. Rail Futures members include experienced rail professionals, engineers, planners and economists. Melbourne Rail Plan 2019-2050, May 2019 Version 59 - DRAFT FOR COMMENT Rail Futures Institute 1 Foreword Melbourne once had one of the world’s best public transport systems. The forethought and planning of Victorians more than a century ago, and their capacity to value the welfare of Victorians of the future -us - as highly as their own, helped make Melbourne one of the world’s economically most productive and liveable cities. For the past few generations, myopia, carelessness and excessive valuation of the present over the future have been squandering that wonderful legacy. The economic and social life of this city will be deeply impaired by barriers to movement of people around the city unless chronic underinvestment over recent generations is remedied. The Melbourne Rail Plan 2019-50 demonstrates the way to correct the mistakes of recent generations, and that some contemporary Victorians are up to the challenge. The Report is comprehensive, creative and authoritative. It is an excellent foundation for rebuilding Melbourne to secure its position as one of the world’s most successful cities. Melbourne is growing more rapidly than any other large city in the developed world. Yet cities anywhere near Melbourne’s size in Europe and east Asia now have far better metropolitan rail systems. Cities of Melbourne’s size cannot function efficiently without effective rail transport. The Report is based on integration of a range of transport technologies. Heavy and light rail is necessarily at its centre, with the strengthening of Melbourne’s famed tram system an important part of the plan. While the backlog is large, catching up is supported by Melbourne’s flat terrain, its railway heritage and by established grid road patterns. The Report contains carefully constructed proposals for completing rail grids in areas near the city centre and extensions to more distant suburbs where much population growth has been occurring. It discusses opportunities for lowering costs and increasing amenity by ensuring that opportunities for active transport - walking and cycling - and use of autonomous vehicles and other emerging technologies are integrated into planning for rail. Large public investment will be required to rebuild Melbourne’s public transport system. The economic case for the required investment is strong. It is stronger in the 21st century, when changes in global savings and investment patterns have greatly reduced the interest rates at which the private sector is prepared to lend to governments. Near zero real interest rates strengthen the economic case for long term investments in public infrastructure - especially on systemic changes that remedy Melbourne’s rail deficit and generate benefits for the long-term life of our large city. The Victorian Government has begun the rebuilding of Victoria’s public transport infrastructure. This Report provides sound guidance for the immense task that lies ahead. Ross Garnaut Professor of Economics, University of Melbourne Melbourne Rail Plan 2019-2050, May 2019 Version 59 - DRAFT FOR COMMENT Rail Futures Institute 2 Melbourne Rail Plan 2019-2050, May 2019 Version 59 - DRAFT FOR COMMENT Rail Futures Institute 3 Contents Contents 4 PREFACE 9 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 10 PART 1: MELBOURNE’S GROWTH STORY 14 1. Melbourne’s Growth ........................................................................................................................... 15 1.1 Population Growth ................................................................................................................... 15 1.2 Urban Area Growth .................................................................................................................. 16 1.3 Melbourne’s Growth Challenges ............................................................................................. 18 2. Current Planning Policy ....................................................................................................................... 21 2.1 Overview .................................................................................................................................. 21 2.2 Plan Melbourne ........................................................................................................................ 21 PART 2: MELBOURNE’S TRANSPORT STORY 29 3. Melbourne’s Public Transport ............................................................................................................. 30 3.1 Overview .................................................................................................................................. 30 3.2 The Heavy Rail Network ........................................................................................................... 32 3.3 The Tram Network ................................................................................................................... 34 3.4 Train and Tram Network Coverage .......................................................................................... 38 3.5 The Bus Network ...................................................................................................................... 38 4. The Challenges and Opportunities for Public Transport ..................................................................... 40 4.1 Overview .................................................................................................................................. 40 4.2 Meeting Patronage Growth ..................................................................................................... 40 4.3 Increasing Network Capacities ................................................................................................. 41 4.4 Extending Network Coverage................................................................................................... 45 4.5 Commuter travel times ............................................................................................................ 46 4.6 Providing a Grid Network in Melbourne .................................................................................. 46 4.7 Integration of Services ............................................................................................................. 50 4.8 Integrating Active Transport with Public Transport ................................................................. 52 4.9 Serving the Central Business District and immediate surrounds ............................................. 53 4.10 Linking National Employment and Innovation Clusters (NEIC) and High Employment Areas . 55 4.11 Meeting Disability Discrimination Act (DDA) Requirements .................................................... 57 4.12 Encouraging Transit Oriented Developments (TOD’s) ............................................................. 59 4.13 Removing Level Crossings ........................................................................................................ 60 4.14 Determining Service Standards ................................................................................................ 61 4.15 Separating Metropolitan, Regional and Freight Services ......................................................... 61 4.16 Adapting to new transport innovations ................................................................................... 62 4.17 Framework and Principles for Evaluating Projects................................................................... 63 PART 3: A RAIL PLAN FOR MELBOURNE 2050 65 5. The Train Plan ..................................................................................................................................... 66 5.1 Train Plan Overview ................................................................................................................. 66 5.2 Projects to Increase Network Capacity .................................................................................... 66 Melbourne Rail Plan 2019-2050, May 2019 Version 59 - DRAFT FOR COMMENT Rail Futures Institute 4 5.3 Projects to Improve Operational Efficiency and Resilience ..................................................... 68 5.4 Extensions of Electrification to Outer Metropolitan Growth Areas ......................................... 69 5.5 Developing Major Cross-City Mass Transit Corridors .............................................................. 70 5.6 Train Service Levels .................................................................................................................. 76 5.7 Segregating Metropolitan and Regional Train Services ........................................................... 77 5.8 New stations ............................................................................................................................ 79 5.9 Level Crossings ......................................................................................................................... 80 5.10 Rail Infrastructure Upgrading and Renewal ............................................................................. 81 5.11 Passenger Amenities at Stations