The Effect of Aqueous Crocus Sativus L. Extract on Intracerebroventricular Streptozotocin-Induced Cognitive Deficits in Male

The Effect of Aqueous Crocus Sativus L. Extract on Intracerebroventricular Streptozotocin-Induced Cognitive Deficits in Male

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G ( . *$ R B O6 d •?0 VV D> G 6 7 =P G> & ' A$P> 7 B 89 G' $ !/=> 7 "$ M ;0 6 Z6X Z G D> ! ! #$ A /q G => 7 T$ +P !"#$ G(*$ ( NIH ) "# B9 $ ] 7 F ,6 =F> as /B D(K@ . (r) .DP *$ & ' . D> ,=P &6 : =q'T ? 7B )> )>q> ` B ! ! ! , 76 :612 34% 5 /0 B 7n 9 ! , / Y ! GFt( X 9 > > fw 6 ! Y ( /B ,8+ <$ ? a >9 (Vw)B &> (v u) ; &# !$ n ,@ %w ,6 a G . ) €I /B <$ n 7 [ . (VV) K6 • 6 ;I 7 ,n 6 P0 B 6 ,> cq> #$ 7 ,\P] D 9 7 a ! != P A cq> . ! ? :M ,6 /B 7 ! B !/=> ! HI# J+N . ‚+ 9 9 DP @ " =$> ,n fw 9 (] A$ B $ ,\P] a >9 $ G> @6 ƒR , :#Y ! m 3f = $ . I? < [ AOP x 7B=] B9 A !/=> ! \$ B , 76 9 B , $ ! , ! D6y Y GFt( . (Vb V%) B 6 G 8> ! :#Y ! \F G 76 . ! y 6 =YF ,\P] ,0 D> @ /B .(Vd Vb) , bw mg /kg x 7B=] A G h'&> B $ a >9 y 7 ! ,6 P 0 ,6 [ mw :9$ 7 8( a G ,6 . (Vd)F ! $ =$9 0 [ AOP :$ )K B $ ! zI6 =F> as D ( ,6 ,n 6 A=F ! 3V / B ! K =$9 Fx 7 a n G > B='=> A+] , ( SH + CSF ) sham ! 3% ! G / y B O= [ n G Ft( 6 ( L ƒs = 8 Vw) ,Ps 0 ,6 ! > 6 ,6 ,O8X G ,\P] 7 $ DP 7L GX6 ;Y Z FX6 ;Y Z A 6 ( 89 7 ( 6 6 /B Con + ) /B ! 6 D A=F ! 3b .D> ,=Y' G> B='=> (CSE ) + + * G> B='=> , (STZ ) F> B=' => ! 3d (Vw%)G (" > ( D B G> B='=> DP 7L GX6 ;Y Z 0 ,6 ( F >/89 D B ( %%) G B+ B /B ! 6 D G> B='=> ! 3f /B . , (89 Q D B ACSF , 76 86 k44 =KB / -. ! ( / )* ! / + i ' !"#$ ,* ... G> B='=> FX6 ;Y Z B $ ,\P] < 6 /B 69 ! y ,\P] 7!B$ 76 7 O F ,6 , 7I6Y ,6 /B ! bw mg /kg , ( STZ + CSE ) ,6 B6 b ,6 ;& ,6 ^P $ DP B %w HI# b 7 7> 8= 7 I=$ 0 mg /kg G = B sI 6 [ ]n 76 0 . (Vr)(ACB ,ABA ,CAC ,BCA ,CAC : J+N ) ( @/0 ;Y ) f mg /kg G B+ B ( @/0 ; Y )Vww 7 F D?K$ 0 ,6 7I6Y 6 F =P @ c& => !"=> ;Y (Vf)! [ 6 . 7 !B$ G&( 76 F ,6 O@ , mm b/b < ' $ !$ "$ ,)F=P > D>' .( DP @ = ;& ,6 [ !$ "$ (ACB ,BCA =6 : D ) 6@( A(B0 cs 6 Z6X ,(*(n Q' A 6 HH × FFFFF FF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFF FFF = A(B0 (ACBABACACBCACAC =15 -2=13 : D )A(B0 I $# F B V/dmm (6 a ./umm ,= 6 c& => .(Vm) „ > Z( =( b/d A= l> ƒ& %OM/N = HH × M/K D G > B='=> G > B='=> ! . *$ 6 : eP ] 76 B9 0 ,6 G > B='=> /B ! 6 G :@ : B !"=> : 6; Q : 7 .( bmg /kg ) $ DP L GX6 ;Y ,Ps Z : :@ : ,6 F 6 e> ! ! ; &# ;] > F CSF !B ;& ,6 G > B='=> ,6 Q : 6 & =&8 7 Q . ;= . Z ƒs = 8 & Vw )*] 6 ! A 7B . ;=F :@ S 7 , eP ) ! . & ) > B Z ! @ !"=> ,@ f (6 [ < B9 120 mM NaCl ; 3 mM KCl ; 1.15 ) ! ,=Y> ACSF : > B FF !"=> ,6 $ mM CaCl 2; 0.8 mM MgCl 2; 27 mM NaH 2PO 4 7/$ 0 ,6 [ . *$ 6K= < B9 c' . Z 7L GX6 ;Y 0 ,6 ( PH = 7.2 ,@ % B c' . F=P @ G :@ ,6 ] , pL *$ !| 7 D?@ ;( B B c' ! B6 F e ,6 $ 9 .6 7Y ,6 Y 0 Q : ! ,=K6 : :@ ,6 [ q9 V) ] 7' D> ,6 & =&8 ; : 7 Initial latency , IL ( ) , 8 Y *F .( ,$y V :>)? Y $ <; 5=; < 6 , 8 Y 6 7 [ ! D?y : :@ ,6 B ;&#= …$ ! > B B ;& Y B < B9 !"=> B ) O6 B : .$ o Y ,O8X B , $y mw B ;& Y B‡ B6 . D> ! ,=Y> †+ K&' Y B D? y 7 ! B9 7 [ ( M ,6 (Vr Vf) F' Vfcm _/ bwcm As dwcm ,0P . $ ! @ G :@ ,? ,8 @ _+`h 7 K= ;& ,6 , B 0 :@ ,6 G :@ 7 @ G 6 $B ( 7 p ,$#$ A, B, C ƒ ] 6 , ) Step through latency , ) ? G ] Y B : 7=$ [ . D> Vfcm 9 G ; s STL IL STL a ,6 $B 7= ' .F$ ( ,6 ! !Bn ,=P @ B6 B & Retention Acquisition ( ) 7 9 ( ) K= ,6 [ . F D] B As ,$B9 ,@ u 7 B9 D> 7 9 ,6 Bh . F*F> +s : J+N ) D?y => 0 ,6 B6 B : K => ]n ;( B O6 ,=/ ,> 7 ,\P] F= =P : .(ACBABACACBCACAC , … 87 k44 =KB / -. ! ( / )* ! / + i ' !"#$ ,* &( =(] A=6 = – 7 h> B = – Y GK = !F #$ , #$ >&O ( STL )7Y ? . *$ ! ,\P] =6 7 "$ K= B B9 B c' : (PMC ) '( RS0 T ' .( V ;& )D> (Treadmill ) ; !"=> e> < B9 G ;& Y =6 . *$ !FF : !"=> 6 !( '&%ل 70 () 6 G=P ! F=P @ YM , 7 [ ز*ان ا+%,%زو+ 60 9 7 ( FF G ,6 cq> . ,@ f On?,7 ا+%,%زو+ + ز*ان 50 * 4rpm 40 *# =,8 D> : F=P @ B I# 6 ن ز ) ** !" 30 ( , 8 D> B 30 rpm = $ D> 20 10 B q9 V/V = Q ,@ d= $ 0 ,0P ,@ f = < B9 B , $y ./u3./ %=Q ت زن در ر ت زن او , 7 =K B G "$ . ,@ %= < B9 G 6 G "$ . (Vr) 6 B PMC c$ F ,6 : 7 ( ( KH mg /kg ) :W% 34% : X : Z>)? B 9 G . D?y $ ] =P O #[ S > >)? 5 0(, R$#0 T, 6; Q . < B9 6 : eP ] 0( ( IL ) 5*( 0 : . $ 8 ƒ$ ±G"$ 0 ,6 ‰ =$ ( : 7 # *'7 . 5 ]$' . ? U 3 ' 5W K T, 5 ( STL )1% .+ 3 ? : ^' 6 _ ' ±±± ^' 7B=] B9 76 . D> ! ! #$ G "$ B O # p< 0.05 a (B 3(U 5 $` ) *P< 0.05 , ** p<0.01 !/=> c 8 3A&> 7= ' x B9 B AOP x ( 0(, ( :W% + 0(, ) 76 F= 3G B9 B 6 FO 0 e> ;& Y B B9 7 ! . *$ ,K $ <; 5=; 9 ( :W% 34% X F ,6 p<./. f ' 6 B K& B9 ! #$ % ;& , X$( : >)? Y c : 7 . ,=P \$ FO •X> ) A=F ! 76 6 F =P 7 eY G "$ ! + G> B='=> G > B='=> /B ! n 0 0 fV/m b%/% fv/v uv/v mv/v a ,6 /B 5=; Y 7 UV :W% 34% X ! ( G 6 6 F €XY G "$ ,=?8 . D> A=F ! ( IL ),8 Y : 6; Q : 7 = ' G (p<w/wwV) #$ FO / +G> B='=> G > B='=> /B ! ) A=F ! 6 ,K 7 FO < P /B ! D>6 %v/v dV/f %f/d %r/V %v/v a ,6 /B ! 6 F €XY ,K ,=?8 .(P<w/wwf) #$ G > B='=> ! , 8 Y G "$ .

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