0)VERNMENT OF OAAHARASHTRA Public Disclosure Authorized nI"1GSWWt : WATER SECTOR tWI7-rii/ 1-14F'4NTT P1P )TFT INTEGRATED SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENT ASSESSMENT (ISEA) STUDY Public Disclosure Authorized ;4: 0~I Public Disclosure Authorized [z_~Voum - I Mai Reot 'e-l- *.; . .. -.. -. I -=;v V. ~~~~~~~~~~~~3 Deeme\i. 2004 Public Disclosure Authorized FINAL REPORT Volume I - Main Report H 8 .... ~~~~~~31 December 2004 S V C ~ ~~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Maharashtra Water Sector Improvement Project Integrated Social and Environmental Assessment Study FINAL REPORT TABLE OF CONTENTS VOLUME I - MAIN REPORT Page No. Executive Summary E-l to E-XXIII Acknowledgements A-1 Abbreviations and Acronyms AA-1 to AA-IV List of Tables TF I to TF III List of Figures TF-IV 1.0 Introduction 1-8 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Objectives and Components of Maharashtra Water Sector 1 Improvement Project (MWSIP) 1.3 Policy Reforms Initiated by Government of Maharashtra 2 1.4 Scope of Physical Works 3 1.5 Integrated Social and Environmental Assessment (ISEA) 4 Study 1.6 Structure of Study Report 6 1.7 ISEA Study Team 8 2.0 Methodology 9-21 2.1 General 9 2.2 Methodology 10 2.3 Representative Schemes covered in ISEA Study 13 2.4 Criteria for Selection of Schemes 14 2.5 Procedure for Collection of Information 16 -@ T-1 KOYAL HASKOMINGEC Maharashtra Water Sector Improvement Project Integrated Social and Environmental Assessment Study FINAL REPORT 3.0 Policy, Acts and Institutions in Maharashtra 22-55 3.1 General 22 3.2 National Policy and Acts 22 3.3 Policies and Regulations at State Level 29 3.4 World Bank Policies on Environmental and Social issues 41 3.5 Administrative set-up of Irrigation Department (ID), 46 Maharashtra 3.6 Gaps in Linkages of Policy, Regulatory Framework & 52 Enforcement 3.7 Conclusions 54 4.0 Social Review 56-86 4.1 Introduction 56 4.2 Identification of Key Stakeholders 56 4.3 Socio-economic Profile of the Stakeholders 57 4.4 Potability of Water 66 4.5 Functioning of Irrigation System 68 4.6 Perceptions of the Stakeholders on Existing System 71 4.7 Risk Analysis 77 4.8 Resettlement Aspects 78 4.9 Issues related to Formation of WUAs 83 4.10 Issues specific to Vulnerable Groups 85 5.0 Environmental Review 87-128 5.1 General 87 5.2 Physical Endowments 87 5.3 Physical Features 88 5.4 Agro-Climatic Zones 88 5.5 Topography 90 T-11 ROYAL HAMKO@INC Maharashtra Water Sector Improvement Project Integrated Social and Environmental Assessment Study FINAL REPORT 5.6 Soils 91 5.7 Climate 92 5.8 Surface Waters 94 5.9 Water Availability 95 5.10 Water Quality 96 5.11 Ground Water 96 5.12 Geology 100 5.13 Ecological Conservations 102 5.14 Pollution Status 106 5.15 Drainage and Salinity 111 5.16 Environmental Review of Selected Schemes 112 5.17 Environmental Perceptions during Public Consultations 126 5.18 Impact of MWSIP on Environment 126 6.0 Analysis of Alternative Perceptions and Approaches 129-137 6.1 General 129 6.2 Alternative Perspectives 129 6.3 Assessment of Alternatives 134 7.0 Social & Environment Management Framework (SEMF) 138-224 7.1 General 138 7.2 SEMF 138 7.3 Components of SEMF 138 7.4 Strategies and Action Plans 160 7.5 Resettlement and Rehabilitation (R&R) Framework 160 7.6 Gender Development and Strategy 171 7.7 Communication Strategy 181 7.8 Tribal Development 187 T-11l ROYAL HASKONING Maharashtra Water Sector Improvement Project FINAL REPORT Integrated Social and Environmental Assessment Study 7.9 Training and Capacity Building 201 7.10 Sustainable Agriculture 207 7.11 Strategy for Stakeholders Participation 216 7.12 Dam Safety Plan 222 8.0 Social and Environmental Management Plan 225-254 8.1 Social and Environmental Plans 225 8.2 Illustrative Application of SEMF for Pre-planning Stage 226 8.3 Assigning Priorities to Sub-projects 230 8.4 Institutional and Policy Strategy 236 8.5 Institutional Capacity Building 239 8.6 Monitoring and Evaluation 244 8.7 Budgetary Estimates 247 References R-1 to R-IV T-IV ROYAL HASKOINGC Maharashtra Water Sector Improvement Project Integrated Social and Environmental Assessment Study FINAL REPORT REFERENCES 1. Maharashtra Water & Irrigation Commission Report, June 1999 Volume I Volume II Volume Ill Volume IV Volume V 2. Bench marking of irrigation projects in Maharashtra - 2002-03, Government of Maharashtra, Irrigation department Publication, March 2004 3. Estimation of Ground Water Resources in Maharashtra (As per recommendation of GEC 1997 methodology), Ground water Survey and Development Agency, Government of Maharashtra. 4. Third Status Report On Affected Area And Well Levels In Different Canal Commands Of Maharashtra State (Period 1999-2000 To 2000-2001) Published By S.E. & Director, Directorate Irrigation Research And Development, Irrigation Department, Government Of Maharashtra, March 2003 5. Kokan Irrigation Development Corporation Act, 1997 6. Tapi Irrigation Development Corporation Act, 1997 7. Godavari Marathwada Irrigation Development Corporation Act, 1998 8. Maharashtra Krishna Valley Development Corporation Act, 1996 9. Vidarbha Irrigation Development Corporation Act, 1996 10. Maharashtra Irrigation Act, 1976 11. Maharashtra Management of Irrigation Systems by Farmers Act - Ordinance 2004 12. Maharashtra Water Resources Regulatory Authority Act 2003 - Before Legislative Assembly. 13. World Bank Report 2003 14. State Forest Report 2001 15. 5th and 6'h evaluation Report of Ground Water 16. World bank Operational Directives and Guidelines 17. Maharashtra PAP rehabilitation Act- 1986 18. Maharashtra Ground Water (Regulation for Drinking water purposes) Act - 1993 R-1 ROYAL HASKOING Ci Maharashtra Water Sector Improvement Project Integrated Social and Environmental Assessment Study FINAL REPORT 19. Epitome of Agriculture - 2001 20. PIM Handbook, World Bank 2002 21. World Bank and Participation, Operations Policy Department, September 1994 22. Personal communication with Sh. S. V. Sodal, Secretary (CAD), Government of Maharashtra 23. Interview with SOPPECOM, 2004 24. Interview with Jain Irrigation, 2004 25. Personal Communication with Executive Director, MKUDC, 2004 26. Personal Communication with Chief Engineer, NMR, Nasik, 2004 27. Personal Communication with Executive Director, GMCDC, 2004 28. Personal Communication with Sh. Balasahab Thorat, Ex. Minister of State, Irrigation Department, 2004 29. Personal Communication with Chairman Pimpalnare Society, 2004 30. Personal Communication with Chairman Waghad Society, 2004 31. Personal Communication with Chairman Ozar Society, 2004 32. M.P. Water Sector restructuring Project Report 33. Uttaranchal Decentralized Watershed Development Project report 34. Rajasthan Water Resources Consolidation Project Report. 35. U.P. Water Sector Restructuring Project Report 36. Census data 1991 37. Census data 2001 38. Social Analysis Sourcebook: Incorporating Social Dimensions into Bank-Supported Projects. The World Bank, December 2003 39. Maharashtra Human Development Report, 2001 40. National Family Health Survey 1992-93. 41. Almeida M. R. 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A. & Joshi P.A., (1988) Flora of Melghat, Tiger Reserve, Directorate, Project Tiger-Meighat, Amravati; 49. Bhogaonkar P. Y. and Devarkar V. D. (1999) Additions to the Flora of Melghat, Tiger Reserve, Directorate, Project Tiger-Melghat, Amravati; 50. Diwakar P.G. & Shamma B. D., (2000) Flora Of Buldhana District, Botanical Survey Of India, Calcutta; 51. Rao R. S., Vol.1 (1985) & Vol.2 (1986) Flora Of Goa, Div, Daman, Dadra & Nagarhaveli; 52. Santapau H., (1953) The Flora Khandala On The Western Ghats of India, Botanical Survey Of India, Calcutta; 53. Kamble S. Y. & Pradhan S. G., (1988) Flora Of Akola, District, Maharashtra, Botanical Survey Of India, Calcutta; 54. Karthikeyan S. & Anandkumar, (1993) Flora of Yavatmal District, Maharashtra, Botanical Survey Of India, Calcutta; 55. Kothari M. J. & Moorthy S., (1993) Flora of Raigad District, Maharashtra, Botanical Survey Of India, Calcutta; 56. Sharma B. D., Karthikeyan S. & Singh N. P., (1996) Flora Of Maharashtra State, Monocotyledons, Botanical Survey Of India, Calcutta; 57. Singh N. P. & Karthikeyan S., (2000) Flora Of Maharashtra State, Dicotyledones (Vol.1), Botanical Survey Of India, Calcutta; 58. Singh N. P., Lakshminarasimhan P., Karthikeyan S., & Prasanna P. V. (2001) Flora Of Maharashtra State, Dicotyledones (Vol.2), Botanical Survey Of India, Calcutta; 59. Santapau H. The Flora of Purandhar (1956) Oxford Book & Stationery co., New