I notice. P a c i f i c O c e a n Gulf of CANADA St. Lawrence Washington Delaware Montana and Hudson Oregon Lake Canal North Dakota Minnesota Superior Maine Yellowstone Idaho NP Vermont Lake Huron New Hampshire Wisconsin rio Wyoming South Dakota Onta Lake Massachusetts New York Great Salt Lake Michigan Nevada Lake Michigan ie Er ke Rhode Nebraska Iowa La Island Utah M Pennsylvania Yosemite NP i s Connecticut s o Ohio u Colorado r New Jersey i R Illinois Indiana iv r Washington D.C. e er Delaware iv Kansas R West io California h Missouri O Virginia Virginia Maryland Grand Canyon NP Kentucky Arizona North Carolina Oklahoma Tennessee New r Arkansas e v i R Mexico i South p p i Carolina s s i s s i Georgia M Alabama Union States Texas Mississippi Confederate States Louisiana A t l a n t i c Border states that O c e a n stayed in the Union Florida Other states G u l f MEXICO National Parks o f Delaware and M e x i c o Hudson Canal, 1866 John Wesley Jarvis (1780–1840) Philip Hone, 1809 Oil on wood panel, 34 x 26¾ in. (86.4 x 67.9 cm) Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John D. Rockefeller 3rd 1986.84 I wonder. 19th-Century American Object Information Sheet 8th Grade 1 Philip Hone Lakes to the Hudson River. This new 19TH-CENTURY AMERICA waterway greatly decreased the cost of shipping. IETY C O S Politically, Hone was influential AL Your Historic Compass: C in the organization of the Whig Whig party: The Whig party first took shape in 1834. Whigs were generally ISTORI party. He was friends with both H eastern business people and southern John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay. “Hone’s leadership guarantees planters who believed the federal success of Delaware and Today Philip Hone is best known for government should work to promote the the detailed personal diary that he growth of the American economy. Hudson Canal.” kept between 1828 and 1851. When: Throughout this diary, Hone TION OF THE MINISINK VALLEY 1809, three years after C made notations regarding the COLLE financing and planning of the the invention of Fulton’s Here Mr. Hone appears with the Wurts brothers Delaware and Hudson Canal. The and Benjamin Wright who engineered both the Wurts brothers had first devised the steamship Erie Canal and the Delaware and Hudson Canal. idea of building a canal after dis­ Where: covering coal on their Pennsylvania New York City property in 1814. After the war of 1812, the United States was cut off from British coal supplies. Since coal was in great demand, the Wurtses knew they Who: could turn a large profit if they could ship their coal to New York markets. Philip Hone Shipping large quantities of coal, however, posed a huge transportation problem. The brothers hired the chief engineer of the Erie Canal, Benjamin What: Wright. Wright designed a 108­mile­long canal system for the Delaware Portrait painting—represents Looking closely and Hudson. To overcome the 972­foot difference in elevation between the Philip Hone, seated on a simple wooden chair, pauses Pennsylvania coalfields and the banks of the Hudson River, the canal also how a person looks or how ITH they want to appear momentarily in his reading to greet the viewer. With included 108 locks. It is unclear when Philip Hone first became involved with Sm his arm balanced across the back of the chair, he sits the Delaware and Hudson Canal project. We do know that he served as the OBBIE R in an informal manner. The pastoral landscape seen first president of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company formed in 1825. This is a photograph of the Delaware and just beyond the red curtain adds an intimate quality to Hone’s reputation and political connections proved invaluable when raising Hudson Canal. Notice the sturdy gate that holds back the canal water. A pair of gates, such as the portrait. However, the artist is careful to depict his the funds needed to build the canal. Upon completion in 1829, the Delaware those seen here, form what is known as a “lock.” patron with a commanding presence. Hone’s sharp and Hudson Canal became the first million­dollar enterprise established in By allowing water to flow into or out of the gates, nose, strong chin, piercing eyes, and rosy cheeks the United States. lock operators were able to either lift or lower large barges, such as the one you see waiting in convey a sense of character and vitality. His crisp white the distance. In this photograph the lock needs collar and ruffled shirt suggest that he is a man of About the artist to fill with water before the barge enters. Once the barge was safely secured in the lock, water means. Hone’s large black coat adds a sense of weight John Wesley Jarvis, the artist who painted this portrait, was known through­ would then be released from the other gate to the composition and emphasizes his dark eyes and out New York City as the world’s greatest storyteller. It was even rumored slowly lowering the barge to the lower canal. unflinching gaze. that he kept a baby crocodile in his coat pocket. Jarvis gained his early training as an apprentice to a portrait painter and engraver. During his career, History connection Jarvis was favored by New York’s upper class. He painted some of the city’s Along with his brother John, Philip Hone earned his most influential residents, Philip Hone among them. He maintained a studio living by managing the family auction house, one of in a large public building that also housed the Customs Office, New­York New York’s most lucrative establishments. The business Historical Society, and the American Academy of Arts. Working from this was so profitable that in 1821 Hone retired at the age location, Jarvis placed himself at the center of the city’s financial and artistic of forty­one. Hone then pursued a career in politics, activities. When not painting in New York, Jarvis traveled to the South where becoming the mayor of New York City in 1825. During he frequently visited New Orleans, Richmond, and Charleston. Jarvis’s his first year in office, Hone presided over the opening career began to suffer when the economy declined in the 1820s. In 1834, festivities of the Erie Canal that connected the Great the artist suffered a stroke, making it impossible for him to paint. I notice. P a c i f i c O c e a n Gulf of CANADA St. Lawrence Washington Delaware Montana and Hudson Oregon Lake Canal North Dakota Minnesota Superior Maine Yellowstone Idaho NP Vermont Lake Huron New Hampshire Wisconsin rio Wyoming South Dakota Onta Lake Massachusetts New York Great Salt Lake Michigan Nevada Lake Michigan ie Er ke Rhode Nebraska Iowa La Island Utah M Pennsylvania Yosemite NP i s Connecticut s o Ohio u Colorado r New Jersey i R Illinois Indiana iv r Washington D.C. e er Delaware iv Kansas R West io California h Missouri O Virginia Virginia Maryland Grand Canyon NP Kentucky Arizona North Carolina Oklahoma Tennessee New r Arkansas e v i R Mexico i South p p i Carolina s s i s s i Georgia M Alabama Union States Texas Mississippi Confederate States Louisiana A t l a n t i c Border states that O c e a n stayed in the Union Florida Other states G u l f MEXICO National Parks o f Delaware and M e x i c o Hudson Canal, 1866 I wonder. George Caleb Bingham (1811–1879) Boatmen on the Missouri, 1846 Oil on canvas, 25¹⁄8 x 30¼ in. (63.8 x 76.8 cm) Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John D. Rockefeller 3rd 1979.7.15 19th-Century American Object Information Sheet 8th Grade 2 distance. This detail may account for Boatmen on the the relatively relaxed nature of the figures. Perhaps they are resting Missouri 19TH-CENTURY AMERICA after the activity of a recent sale. History connection Your Historic Compass: Invented in 1807, steamboats S greatly increased the speed of river T “According to Bingham, life E A M transportation. They also played a BO AT along the American frontier DE TAIL crucial role in the settlement of the area promises independence and acquired in the Louisiana Purchase. The natural living.” Missouri River was one of the major waterways in this new territory. Intersecting with the Ohio River, the Missouri River connected the East When: Coast with the nation’s western territories. The Missouri River also IBRARY OF L connected the North with the South via the Mississippi River. By 1835, 1846, the same year C steamboats served as the primary means of shipping goods and produce UBLI ILTON COUNTY ILTON P M Americans living in California A throughout the central United States. H declared independence from Boatmen played a crucial role in river commerce of the period. By OURTESY OF C purchasing wood from flatboatmen, steamboats carried less timber on INNATI AND Mexico C board. Steamboat companies used this extra space for cargo and thereby COPY CIN Where: substantially increased shipping profits. Buying wood from flatboatmen also This is an early photograph of the city of Cincinnati taken in 1848. Notice the steamboats Missouri River allowed steamboats to refuel while traveling rather than stopping for fuel. docked along the shore of the Ohio River. Looking closely This system cut down on travel time for the steamboat companies.