EMERGING AREAS OF VOLUNETEERING ARNOVA Occasiona Paper Series Volume 1, Number 2 Second Edition Funded by The UPS Foundation Jeffrey 1. Brudney, Editor University of Gerogia School of Public and International Affairs Department of Public Administration and Policy Athens, GA 30602-1615 © 2005 Association for Research on Nonprofit Organizations and Voluntary Action The ARNOVA Occasional Paper Series is a publication of the Association for Research on Nonprofit Organizations and Voluntary Action (ARNOVA). Excerpts of more than 100 words from this publication may not be reproduced without permission. ARNOVA Executive Office 340 West Michigan Street, Canal Level -- Suite A Indianapolis, IN 46202 (317) 684-2120 Fax: (317) 684-2128 Website: www.arnova.org 2 Emerging Areas o/Volunteering - 2nd Edition EMERGING AREAS OF VOLUNTEERING Table of Contents About the Authors .................................................................................................... 4 Introduction to the Second Printing Jeffi'ey L. Brudney ....................................................................................................... 7 Introduction to the First Printing Jeffi'ey L. Brudney ..................................................................................................... 10 Employee Volunteer Programs Mary Tschirhart ....................................................................................................... 15 Virtual Volunteering V'ic Murray and Yvonne Harrison .............................................................................. 33 Societal Changes and the Rise of the Episodic Volunteer Nancy Macduff ........................................................................................................ 51 Cross-National Volunteering: A Developing Movement Justin Davis Smith, Angela Ellis, and Georgina Brewis ............................................... 65 Board Members of Nonprofit Organizations as Volunteers Robert D. Herman ................................................................................................... 79 Government Volunteerism in the New Millenium Sarah Jane Rehnborg ................................................................................................. 95 Toward the Future of Volunteering Beth Gazley ............................................................................................................ 115 About the Authors 3 About the Authors Georgina Brewis Georgina Brewis is a research officer at the Institute for Volunteering Research (IVR) in London. She received her degree in History and Politics from Oxford University and has since completed a Postgraduate Diploma in Social Research Methods at London Metropolitan University. She has been involved in several studies addressing volunteerism in Britain and Europe, including a cross-Europe volunteer accreditation study. Before joining IVR, Brewis was a Residential Volunteer and staff member at Toynbee Hall (a charity in East London), where she conducted research on street prostitution. E-mail: [email protected] Jeffrey L. Brudney Jeffrey L. Brudney is the Albert A. Levin Chair of Urban Studies and Public Service at the Maxine Goodman Levin College of Urban Affairs, Cleveland State University. Formerly, he was professor of Public Administration and Policy, adjunct professor of Social Work, and a member of the Nonprofit and Community Service faculty in the School of Business at the University of Georgia. He has published extensively on volunteerism, service delivery, research methodology and public management, and consults regularly with government and nonprofit institutions. Brudney has received several national and international awards for his research and service, and is a member of the editorial board of a number of journals in public administration and nonprofit sector studies. E-mail: [email protected] Angela Ellis Angela Ellis is a senior research officer at the Institute for Volunteering Research (IVR), a specialist research agency on volunteering and voluntary action, located in London, UK. Her work has addressed the evaluation of volunteer impacts, citizen volunteerism in the schools, university-based volunteering, and social exclusion and volunteering. Through IVR Ellis has been involved in research consultancies for various volunteer­ involving organizations. Angela received her PhD. in the department of geography at the University of Wales, Swansea. Her thesis examined citizen participation in rural community development initiatives. E-mail: [email protected] Beth Gazley Beth Gazley is assistant professor in the School of Public and Environmental Affairs at Indiana University-Bloomington, where she teaches public and nonprofit management. She received her Ph.D. in public administration from the University of Georgia in 2004, where she earned several competitive honors. Before entering academia, Gazley served for 16 years in nonprofit management as a fundraiser and consultant. Gazley has conducted research on public volunteerism policy, government­ nonprofit relations and private philanthropic strategy, and has published in Nonprofit an Voluntary Sector Quarterly, Public Administration Review, E-Volunteerism, Spectrum: The Journal ofState Government, and the Book ofthe States 2003. E-mail: [email protected] 4 Emerging Areas o/Volunteering - 2nd Edition Yvonne Harrison Yvonne Harrison is a Ph.D. candidate in the School of Public Administration at the University of Victoria. She has been researching information and communications technology (lCT) use in volunteering for the past three years. She has conducted two national research studies exploring the impacts of information and communications technology on the management of volunteer resources. Other research interests include the new governance environment in which voluntary organizations operate, modernization including e-connectivity, e-government, e-business, and volunteerism. Harrison is the author of several research reports and papers on ICT use in volunteering and e-government management challenges. E-mail: [email protected] Robert D. Herman Robert D. Herman is professor in the Cookingham Institute of Public Affairs, H. W Bloch School of Business and Public Administration, University of Missouri, Kansas City. Herman's research has concentrated on the effective leadership of nonprofit, charitable organizations, including chief executive-board relations and more recently on nonprofit organizational effectiveness. His research has appeared in Public Administration Review, Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, Nonprofit Management and Leadership, American Review ofPublic Administration, Voluntas, and Sex Roles. Dr. Herman is past president of the Association of Voluntary Action Scholars (now known as the Association for Research on Nonprofit Organizations and Voluntary Action). E-mail: [email protected] Nancy Macduff Nancy Macduff is an internationally recognized trainer and author on volunteer management and administration. She served 15 years as executive director of a nonprofit agency and nine years as the coordinator of a government volunteer program. Macduff was the Senior Advisor for Education and Training at the Points of Light Foundation in Washington, DC from 1998 - 2001. She holds teaching positions at the Institute for Nonprofit Management at Portland State University in Portland, Oregon, and at Washington State University. She has authored six books on volunteer management and numerous journal and magazine articles. Macduff is senior editor of the free online newsletter, "Volunteer Today," available at http:// www.volunteertoday.com. E-mail: [email protected] Vic Murray Vic Murray is an adjunct professor in the School of Public Administration at the University of Victoria, and a past director of the Voluntary Sector Management Program in the Schulich School of Business at York University, Toronto, Canada. In the nonprofit sector, his interests focus on the areas of board governance, organizational effectiveness and the impact of information technology on volunteering. He is the author of over 100 books, articles and papers in the fields of organizational behavior and nonprofit management, and the recipient of ARNOVA's 2002 Lifetime Achievement Award. Currently he is the Director of the Voluntary Sector Knowledge Network (www.vskn.ca). a web-based nonprofit management resource. E-mail: [email protected] About the Authors 5 Sarah Jane Rehnborg Sarah Jane Rehnborg is a lecturer at the University of Texas at Austin's LBJ School of Public Affairs and a consultant with the RGK Center for Philanthropy and Community Service. Rehnborg's professional experience includes extensive work as a consultant and trainer in volunteerism and community engagement. She has served as president of the Association for Volunteer Administration, established the Association's Performance-Based Certification system and served as a consultant with the Points of Light Foundation, the Texas Commission on Volunteerism and Community Service, and the State ofTexas. Her publications include the Starter Kit for Mobilizing Ministry, published by Leadership Network, and Volunteer Youth Training and Leadership, a comprehensive high school curriculum in service and volunteerism. E-mail: [email protected] Justin Davis Smith Justin Davis Smith is Director of the Institute for Volunteering Research, located in London. His extensive research includes two national surveys of volunteering in the UK, a 10 nation European study of volunteering, studies on young