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Do not doface books by marks and writing. 0,13 r^- ORIGINES OELTIOAE GUEST VOL. I. : OXFORD BY E. PICKAPiD HALL, M.A., AND J. II. STACY, PRINTERS TO THE TJNIVEESITT. The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924088008929 iG] ORIGINE-SCELTICAE (A FRAGMENT) AND OTHER CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE HISTORY OF BRITAIN EDWIN GUEST, LL.D, D.C.L, F.R.S. LATE MASTEB OP OONTIILE AND CAIUS COlLEaB, CAMBEIDGE IN TWO rOLlTMMS VOL. I 1^ n tr n MACMILLAN AND CO. 1883 M [ All rights reserved ] A^^s^s^ rfCORNELL UNIVERSJTY LIBRARY CONTENTS. FACE Prefatoet Notice vii I. ORIGINES CELTICAE, Chapter I. The Kimmerioi and the Cimbri I II. The Iberes and Aquitani 51 in. The Ligures 79 IV. Early Ethnology : the Hebrews 103 V. the Canaanites 147 VI. the Chaldees 157 VII. the Egyptians 170 VIII. the Thracians, Trojans, Cad means, Tyrrhenians 217 IX. the Greeks . 258 X. Early Biblical Chronology 313 XI. Early language : letter-changes 334 XII. TheBelgae .... 376 List of Illustrations. Portrait of Dr. Guest . To face the title-page Fragment of Egyptian Monument . 170 PREFATOEY NOTICE. Dk. Guest, who was born in 1800, was the only surviving son of Benjamin Guest, who was descended from the family of that name which was long settled at Eow Heath, in the parish of King's Norton in "Worcestershire, where Dr. Guest inherited a small property. The arms of the family . were entered in the Herald's visitation of the time of Charles the First, Edmund Geste, who died Bishop of Salisbury in I5'78, was a member of the same family. The name in former times was variously spelt Geast, Geste, Ghest, Gheast, &c., and finally took the form of Guest. In order to retrieve the failing fortunes of the family, which had become somewhat impoverished. Dr. Guest's father entered into business as a merchant, and, having by his energy and enterprise realized a considerable fortune, he retired at the close of the great war. Dr. Guest's mother was a member of the Scotch family of Eio; she died when her son was quite a child, and his affectionate and sensitive nature made him greatly feel the want of a mother's gentle and loving care. He was educated at the Grammar School at Birmingham, of which Dr. Cook was at that time the Head Master. There he remained till he was at the head of the school, but instead of being removed elsewhere to complete his preparation for the University, he was unfortunately allowed to remain for two years longer, the lad, though fully conscious that he was wasting his time, being restrained by the habitual deference he paid to his father from venturing to place the matter before him in its true light. He however read diligently what, according to his own judgment, would be useful to him at the University, and, though there can be no doubt that had his reading during those valuable years been ; viii PREFATORY NOTICE. more specially directed, he would have taken a higher degree than he did, yet on the other hand, the varied knowledge then accumu- lated may perhaps have been of service to him in after life. His drawing master was the afterwards noted painter David Cox ; and, although he never subsequently cultivated the art, yet his early instruction gave him facility in drawing the rough sketches of the maps which so beautifully illustrate his historical papers. He matriculated in 1819 at Gonville and Caius College, Cam- bridge, took his degree as eleventh wrangler, and became a Fellow of the College in 1824. Soon after this he went abroad, and travelled for some time, principally in Germany, where he made the acquaintance of some of the noted men of the period. It was during this time that the sceptical tendencies of thought which have become of late years so prevalent in England were first forced upon his notice. He studied Hebrew with the view of satisfying his mind more fully upon certain points, and, after a lengthened period of most honest doubt and patient thought and investigation, his doubts were finally cleared away, and his faith in God's revealed "Word from that time remained unshaken. In after life, during his long residence of twenty-eight years as Master of his College, ' his sound judgment and deep Christian feeling,' writes Professor Cowell, 'were invaluable he could always be relied on ; he never wavered in his convictions.' While in Germany, he stayed for a year at Weimar, and was kindly received at the Grand Ducal Court, where he formed the acquaintance of Goethe, who did not at first think it necessary to vouchsafe the young Englishman any special mark of atten- tion. He happened, however, one day to remark to Akermann, Goethe's secretary, that Shelley had published a translation of Faust. The remark was brought to the ears of Goethe, who ex- pressed a strong desire to see the work. Upon this Mr. Guest at once wrote to his bookseller in London to send the book, which ' ! in due course arrived, and was presented to Goethe. Ah ' said the great man, highly pleased, ' this is just like those practical Englishmen ; one of our good Germans would have meditated upon it for so long, and would then have taken so long to write his letter, but here (holding it up) this Englishman has got the ! book ' From that time forth Goethe shewed him a good deal of kindness and attention. PREFATORY NOTICE. ix Mr. Guest was at Weimar when the Grand Duke's jubilee took place, in celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of his reign, in Sep- tember 1825. As Goethe had been the Grand Duke's Minister of Education for a similar period, so Goethe, whose jubilee of service was kept with equal pomp in the following November, shared the honours of the day. At the appointed time the Grand Duke repaired to the theatre to hear an ode written in his honour by Goetlje, and recited by the principal actress of the day. As soon as this was over, all repaired to Goethe's reception. Dr. Guest used to tell how the great Meister, an exceedingly handsome man of stately presence, received his guests in a little cabinet furnished with a single rush-bottomed chair, and opening on each side into a larger reception room, he himself in perfectly plain dress with a single decoration standing to receive with an air of unstudied simplicity the brilliant throng of noble and distinguished visitors as they passed through to offer their congratulations. With Schlegel also Mr. Guest had a cobsiderable amount of intercourse during his residence at Bonn. They generally dined in company at the table d'Mte at the Golden Star, and Dr. Guest used to give an amusing account of the stately dignity with which, on entering the room, Schlegel would take off, one by one, the numerous orders and decorations with which his breast was covered, and carefully deposit them on the adjoining chimney-piece, amid the undisguised amusement of the assembled students and visitors. On his return to England, Mr. Guest became a pupil of Mr. (afterwards Lord) Campbell, was called in due course to the bar, and entered at Lincoln's Lm, having his chambers in the Temple in King's Bench Walk. He joined the Oxford Circuit, and continued for some time to work at his profession, but becoming gradually more and more absorbed in his own special pursuits, he finally took his name off the books. The first result of his studies which he gave to the world was his work on English Ehythms published in 1838, in preparing the materials for which he was obliged—pioneer as he was in this branch of study^to undertake the labour, no light one, of examin- ing for himself the manuscripts of Early English poetry, few, if any, of which had at that time been edited. It was about this time that the idea was entertained of forming PREFATORY NOTICE. a society for the study of Pliilology. Mr. Wedgwood, an—original member and the first Treasurer of the Society, thus writes : ' I had several communications with Mr. Guest at the time, but the only fact I can recollect is that the formation of the Society was entirely his doing.' But though the active part of the work of founding the Society was due to him, yet Professor Key and Professor Maiden were both greatly instrumental in its accomplishment.