L 1- kJ i rYy - t Tg V r Er "s^r1.t^^^ r } K!hy L t w:• INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS LIMITED (Incorporated in the ACT) IPA REVIEW ISSN 1030 4177 Vol. 42 No. 1 May-July 1988 7 Missing from History: Australias Australian Universities: More is Forgotten Entrepreneurs 51 Better Susan. Johnston Claudio Veliz School history texts neglect the heritage of free Universities have grown in size and number but enterprise. become more uniform. Government should permit the re-emergence of genuine diversity. 12 US Foreign Policy in the Post-Reagan Era 55 Hollywoods New McCarthyism Zbigniew Brzczinski Hal Colebatch The US faces far-reaching changes which Hollywoods heroes and villains reflect its Australians cannot afford to ignore. ideology more than its market. 16 Keep Politics Out of Super 59 Britains `New Unionism Laurie Short Martin Holmes Union-controlled superannuation funds should Mrs. Thatchers tough stand has encouraged not be used for ideological ends, more co-operative industrial relations. 17 The Guilt Industry flugh Morgan An iriatiomT neurosis threatens our prosperity. 4 IPA Indicators 21 I%s,o Conservative Proposals for How does the salary of a managing director in Constitutional Reform Australia compare with other countries? Michael James By opposing all change, conservatives have 5 Editorial allowed radicals t0 set the agenda. Key institutions in Australia are in danger of becoming instruments of government. 29 No Jobs for the Boys Tony Vinson and Eileen Baldry 25 Public Finance Hall of Shame After purging the NSW public service Greiner Jacob Abrahami should resist appointing his own boys. New entrants in the gallery of waste. 34 Opening the Dam Cates: Industrial 26 Strange Times Relations and the ILO Ken Baker Peter Costello Life in the New Age. The implications of ILO conventions might 32 Issues in Education surprise the 1R Club. Dame Leonie Kramer 36 The Big Winners A new report on the future of education contains Jim Short a great deal of outmoded opinion. Trade union investments in the ALP have not 38 Map: World Distribution of Freedom been in vain. A minority of the worlds population have 42 How to Cut the Public Service political and civil liberties. R. S. Deane 40 World Policy Review The former head of New Zealands State Common assumptions about the causes of Services Commission explains how his countrys African poverty are misconceived. public service was revolutionized. 57 Around the States 45 US Schools Return to Basics Les McCarrey Peter Samuel A costly charade at the Premiers Conference. America is coming to grips with its educational problems in a way not apparent in Australia. 61 Letters From Rev. Dr. Charles Sherlock, G. R. Peatey, 48 The Feminist Revolution and Mother Rafe Champion Labour Rita Joseph 63 IPA News More institutional child care may not be in the 454 people in Melbourne and Sydney attended best interests of children. the IPA defence conferences. Editor-in-Chief: Rod Kemp Editor. Ken Baker Advertising: Peggy Nichols (03) 830 1097 Review Office Schools and higher education institutions are welcome to Circulation: vania Ch:imoun Gilt floor photocopy and distribute articles froth IPA Review for educational purposes, except where otherwise indicated. Distribution: Gordon fi Gotch f.ld 83 ,• Street Printing: Wilke Company Ltd rstclhourne, 3000 Views expressed in the publications of the IPA are those Design: Bob Catncll Asssociatcs Phone: (03) 614 2029 of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of Production Assistance: Tracy Seto Facsimile: (03) 629 4444 the Institute. The IPA Review ties establisher) in 1947 by Charles Kemp, founding Director of the IPA Unless you fly Continental, your one-stop to Newyork could well come to a full stop. If youre about to take a one-stop flight to New York, we suggest you take a closer look at the airlines flight schedule. Unless youre flying Continental, youll be changing, planes when you make your stop. And its on this stop that youll be taking a chance. Youll be chancing that your plane hasnt arrived late. Youll be gambling that your connecting flight hasnt already left without you. Youll be taking the risk that your connecting flight hasnt been delayed elsewhere. Or, worse still, that this plane hasnt been re- routed someplace else altogether, leaving you completely stranded. Of course you may make your connection, if all goes well, with a minimum of fuss. But as you can see, there is always the possibility that youll get left on the ground somewhere along the way. Now lets take a look at the alternative, Continental Airlines. Only Continental has a Same-Plane One-Stop service from Sydney to the Big Apple (or a Same-Plane Two-Stop service from Melbourne). Sure, it makes a stop like every other airline, but unlike every other airline, you board the same plane again for the final leg. This means you wont have to take any chances. No ifs, buts, or maybes. All because when you fly Continental, we guarantee you 0 wont miss your connecting flight. For the simple reason that the plane you depart on, is the same plane you arrive on in New York. Q CONTINENTAL AIRLINES You dont get big by being second best. L/ INDICATORS Proportion of students to fail basic literacy test at Debts owed by USSR to Western Commercial Banks: commencement of teacher training in the University of $25.9 billion. Increase in last three years: $14.6 billion. Western Australias Education Faculty: 40 per cent. s . s . s # Total operating budget of the Voice of America in 1987: Australians who believe cost of the Bicentennial $169 million. Amount spent by USSR to jam incoming celebrations has not been worthwhile: 48 per cent. Western broadcasts: between $750 million and $1.2 billion annually. Total value of direct Japanese investment in Australia: $21 billion. Number of wars currently being fought: 25. Estimated . s number of deaths in wars since 1945: 17 million. Largest current conflicts: Ethiopia (500,000 victims), Base salary for a managing director in 1987 in Australia: Mozambique (400,000), Iran/Iraq (377,000), Angola $113,096. In Germany: $257,864. In Denmark: (213,000) $164,569. In the United States: $269,266. Total Australian tax revenue from tobacco in 1986/87: Cost of standard home in Sydney: $123,400. Increase $1,427.8 million. in last 12 months: 62 per cent. Australias largest company in 1987 by sales: Coles Number of Aboriginal land claims approved by the then Myer $11.4 billion. By profit: National Mutual $6.5 NSW Minister for Lands, Mr. Hallam, in the week billion. By number of employees: Coles Myer 141,214. before the State election: approx. 100. Number of additions to National Parks signed by Mr. Carr, then Minister for Planning and the Environment, on the day Number of sheep the average Australian will consume before the election: 16. over a 75-year life-span: 92. Number of chickens: 1,171. Number of eggs: 16,500. Number of Victorians choosing to have the motto: "Victoria, Nuclear Free State" on their number plates Number of nuclear power plants in the United States: since the fee was abolished in 1985: 1,910. Number 106. In USSR: 55. In France: 53. In Britain: 38. In choosing "Victoria Garden State": 486,706. Japan: 36. Number of lawyers in Japan: 12,000_ Number of Number of Sydney Opera Houses which could be lawyers in the United States: 535,000. constructed with the quantity of concrete used in the new Parliament House: 25. SOURCES: (1) The Age; (2) 77re llu letin, April 12 1988; (3) ABS as quoted in The Australian, May 9 1988; (4) Mercer Campbell Cook Knight, Business Compensation in Australia Remuneration Service; (5) Sydney Morning Herald, May 9 1988; (6) Sydney Morning Herald, April 20 1988; (7) Hansard, Legislative Council of Victoria, November 10 1987; (8) Thesis Eleven, No. 17, 1987; (9) Wall Street Journal, March 22 1988; (10) Policy Review, Winter 1987; (11) Economist, March 12 1988;(12) Tobacco Institute of Australia; (13) Australian ldusiness, May 11 1988; (14) Allan Borushek, TheAustralian Pocket Calorie Counter, WA, 1988; (15) Australian Defence 2004 April/May 1968; (16) Golden Wing April 1988. 4 EDITORIAL Independence of Institutions ' Needs Defending hat the ALP, traditionally the party of the left, is But because governments are neither omniscient Tdebating privatization instead of nationalization and nor always disposed to serving the public interest over has apparently accepted the need to restrain the growth and above the interests of the party, the Westminster of government are welcome developments. While done tradition is important to preserve. According to this in the name of pragmatism, there is an implicit tradition the public service is meant to act as an inde- acceptance, at least by the dominant faction within the pendent source of advice, representing the Iong-term ALP, of the premises and arguments of liberal public interest over the short-term party interest. economists: chiefly, that governments are not omniscient No solution to the problem of politicization of the and that economic activity independent of government is public service will survive unless it is accepted by all the the source of a nations economic vitality. major parties. It is to be hoped that they can arrive at a These are frustrating truths for politicians to ac- compact which will guarantee elected governments a cept. Power is the essence of politics and it is difficult for proper degree of control over the public service while politicians who have devoted their careers to achieving avoiding "jobs for the boys" and preserving the benefits power to accept limits on it. It is particularly frustrating of an apolitical career service.