Environmental and Social Analysis Water Supply Modernization Program SU-L1058 Fit for Disclosure Report October 30, 2019 Disclaimer for Disclosure of Environmental and Social Analysis The SWM considers this document as a draft version. The SWM reserves the right to revise the document based on further review of the information presented, the proposed project activities, and any public consultation held related to the project Environmental and Social Analysis Water Supply Modernization Program SU-L1058 Fit for Disclosure Report October 30, 2019 Prepared for the SWM by Gwendolyn Smith Ph.D. SU-L1058 Environmental and Social Assessment for the Water Supply Modernization Program 2 Table of Contents Executive Summary ......................................................................................................................................... 11 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 15 1.1 Background of the Project .................................................................................................................... 15 1.2 Purpose of the ESA .............................................................................................................................. 15 1.3 Study Approach ..................................................................................................................................... 16 1.4 Assumptions and Limitations ............................................................................................................... 22 1.5 Structure of the ESA Report ................................................................................................................ 22 2. Project Description ...................................................................................................................................... 24 2.1 Description of the Project ..................................................................................................................... 24 2.2 Study Area .............................................................................................................................................. 27 2.3 Brief Summary of the Suriname Water Supply Master Plan ........................................................... 33 3. Analysis of Alternatives ............................................................................................................................... 35 3.1 Proposed Project ................................................................................................................................... 35 3.2 No Project Alternative ........................................................................................................................... 35 3.3 Brief Description of Alternatives ......................................................................................................... 36 4. Legal and Institutional Framework ............................................................................................................ 37 4.1 Policy, Legal and Institutional Framework ......................................................................................... 37 4.1.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 37 4.1.2 Policy and Legal Framework ........................................................................................................ 38 4.1.3 Legal Requirements for Environmental Assessment ............................................................... 38 4.1.4 Legislation Relevant to the Project .............................................................................................. 39 4.1.5 Relevant International Conventions ............................................................................................ 45 4.1.6 International Best Practices .......................................................................................................... 49 4.2 Institutional Framework for Environmental and Social Management ............................................ 57 5. Environmental and Social Baseline Conditions ...................................................................................... 58 5.1 Environmental Baseline Information and Data ................................................................................. 58 5.1.1 Climate ............................................................................................................................................ 58 5.1.2 Geology, Geomorphology and Topography ............................................................................... 61 5.1.3 Hydrology ........................................................................................................................................ 67 5.1.4 Noise ................................................................................................................................................ 78 5.1.5 Terrestrial Ecology ......................................................................................................................... 79 SU-L1058 Environmental and Social Assessment for the Water Supply Modernization Program 3 5.1.6 Natural Disasters ........................................................................................................................... 81 5.1.7 Climate Change ............................................................................................................................. 83 5.2 Socio-economic Baseline Information and Data............................................................................... 85 5.2.1 Archeological Sites ............................................................................................................................ 85 5.2.2 Population and Demography ........................................................................................................ 85 5.2.3 Education ........................................................................................................................................ 89 5.2.4 Employment and Income .............................................................................................................. 93 5.2.5 Health .............................................................................................................................................. 96 5.2.6 Gender ........................................................................................................................................... 100 5.2.9 Water Infrastructure ..................................................................................................................... 107 5.2.10 Energy and Transportation ....................................................................................................... 112 5.2.11 Other Activities in the Area ....................................................................................................... 116 6. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ..................................................................................... 120 6.1 Identification and Analysis of Environmental Impacts ........................................................................ 120 6.1.1 Potential Soil Contamination ...................................................................................................... 120 6.1 2 Landscape Changes (Visual Impacts) ...................................................................................... 121 6.1.3 Impact on Land Use......................................................................................................................... 122 6.1.4 Air quality Impacts from Emissions ........................................................................................... 123 6.1.5 Impacts on Climate Change ....................................................................................................... 124 6.1.6 Noise and Vibration Impacts ...................................................................................................... 125 6.1.7 Impacts on Water Resources ..................................................................................................... 126 6.1.8 Impacts from Solid Waste ........................................................................................................... 128 6.1.9 Summary of Environmental Impacts ......................................................................................... 130 6.2 Identification and Analysis of Social Impacts .................................................................................. 132 6.2.1 Land Acquisition ........................................................................................................................... 132 6.2.2 Labor and Working Conditions .................................................................................................. 133 6.2.3 Occupational Health and Safety ................................................................................................ 134 6.2.4 Nuisance ....................................................................................................................................... 135 6.2.5 Community Health and Safety ................................................................................................... 136 6.2.6 Disruption of Activities ................................................................................................................