Veloce descrizione di comandi Unix Buona parte dei comandi dell’elenco seguente fanno parte della distribuzione standard di molte architetture Unix. Per i dettagli vedere le relative pagine di manuale, invocabili con il comando "man topic". a2p convertitore awk - perl amstex AmSTeX language create, modify, and extract from archives (per creare ar librerie) arch print machine architecture at, batch, atq, atrm - queue, examine or delete jobs for later at execution awk gawk - pattern scanning and processing language basename strip directory and suffix from filenames bash GNU Bourne-Again SHell bc An arbitrary precision calculator language bibtex make a bibliography for (La)TeX c++ GNU project C++ Compiler cal displays a calendar cat concatenate files and print on the standard output cc gcc, g++ - GNU project C and C++ Compiler checkalias usage: /usr/bin/checkalias alias .. chfn change your finger information chgrp change the group ownership of files chmod change the access permissions of files chown change the user and group ownership of files chsh change your login shell cksum checksum and count the bytes in a file clear clear terminal screen cmp compare two files col filter reverse line feeds from input column columnate lists comm compare two sorted files line by line compress compress, uncompress, zcat - compress and expand data cp copy files cpio copy files to and from archives tcsh - C shell with file name completion and command line csh editing csplit split a file into sections determined by context lines cut remove sections from each line of files date show and set date and time dc an arbitrary precision calculator dd convert a file while copying it df summarize free disk space dialog display dialog boxes from shell scripts diff find differences between two files dircolors Set color parameters for ls dirname strip non-directory suffix from file name dsplit split a large file into pieces du summarize disk usage dvips convert a TeX DVI file to PostScript dvitype translate a dvi file for humans echo display a line of text ed ed, red - text editor egrep grep, egrep, fgrep - print lines matching a pattern emacs GNU project Emacs - editor env run a program in a modified environment eqn geqn - format equations for troff etex extended plain TeX expand convert tabs to spaces expr evaluate expressions f77 g77 - GNU project F77 Compiler false do nothing, unsuccessfully file determine file type filter filter incoming messages before adding to mailbox find search for files in a directory hierarchy creates GIF images on the fly from CGI and other fly programs fmt adjust line-length for paragraphs of text fold wrap each input line to fit in specified width fromdos Usage: fromdos unixtextfile ftp ARPANET file transfer program ftpcount show current number of users for each class ftpwho show current process information for each ftp user fuser identify processes using files gdb The GNU Debugger genscript convert text files to PostScript Gist is a binary CGM (Computer Graphics Metafile) gist browser glookbib search bibliographic databases glotex automatic glossary processor for LaTeX gnuplot an interactive plotting program grefer preprocess bibliographic references for groff groff front end for the groff document formatting system gs interpreter/previewer postscript file gtbl format tables for troff gtroff format documents gzip gzip, gunzip, zcat - compress or expand files head output the first part of files hostname show or set the system’s host name idxtex usage: idxtex file [/TOC={Article | Report}] jed emulate editor vax joe Joe’s Own Editor join join lines of two files on a common field kill terminate a process killall kill processes by name last indicate last logins by user or terminal latex structured text formatting and typesetting ld the GNU linker ldd print shared library dependencies less opposite of more listalias list user and system aliases lkbib search bibliographic databases ln make links between files look display lines beginning with a given string lpq spool queue examination program lpr off line print lprm remove jobs from the line printer spooling queue ls list contents of directories mail send and receive mail make GNU make utility to maintain groups of programs makeindex a general purpose, formatter-independent index processor man format and display the on-line manual pages The Midnight Commander is a directory browser/file mc manager merge three-way file merge mesg display (do not display) messages from other users messages quick count of messages in mailbox or folder mkdir make directories more file perusal filter for crt viewing mv rename files newmail,wnewmail - programs to asynchronously notify of newmail new mail newsetup a program to set up a .newsrc file newsgroups a program to list unsubscribed newsgroups nl number lines of files nm list symbols from object files nn efficient net news interface (No News is good news) nslookup query Internet name servers interactively passwd change password paste merge lines of files patgen generate patterns for TeX hyphenation perl Practical Extraction and Report Language pine a Program for Internet News and Email ppine stampa con pipe pr convert text files for printing sostituisce "lpr" per la stampa interattiva (da linea di print comando) printf format and print data ps report process status psbb extract bounding box from PostScript document pstree display a tree of processes pwd print name of current/working directory ranlib generate index to archive (libreria) readmsg extract messages from a mail folder ref Display a C function header reset reset the terminal rlogin remote login rm remove files rmdir remove empty directories rsh remote shell sc spreadsheet calculator sed stream editor sh bash - GNU Bourne-Again SHell shar create shell archives size list section sizes and total size sleep delay for a specified amount of time sort sort lines of text files ispell, buildhash, munchlist, findaffix, tryaffix, icombine, spell ijoin. Interactive spelling checking split split a file into pieces splitvt run two shells in a split window squeeze a sorted word list unsq - unsqueeze a sorted word sq list strace trace system calls and signals strings print the strings of printable characters in files strip Discard symbols from object files sum checksum and count the blocks in a file sync sync - commit buffer cache to disk tac concatenate and print files in reverse tail output the last part of files talk talk to another user tangle translate WEB to Pascal tar The GNU version of the tar archiving utility read from standard input and write to standard output and tee files telnet User interface to the TELNET protocol test check file types and compare values tex text formatting and typesetting time get time in seconds tin tin, rtin, cdtin, tind - A Netnews reader todos Usage: todos dostextfile top display top CPU processes touch change file timestamps tr translate or delete characters true do nothing, successfully ul do underlining unshar unpack a shar file unzip expand archive uudecode decode a file created by uuencode uuencode encode a binary file vmstat Report virtual memory statistics w Show who is logged on and what they are doing wall write a message to users wc print the number of bytes, words, and lines in files whatis search the whatis database for complete words locate the binary, source, and manual page files for a whereis command which show full path of commands who show who is logged on whoami print effective userid wish Simple windowing shell write send a message to another user zip compress archive E-mail me at: [email protected] Copyright © 1997 Luigino Feltre, Dip. Chimica Fisica (PD) .