Research Report InternationalResearch Research Institute of Disaster Science Research Report IRIDeS Fact-finding and Relationship-building Mission to Nepal IRIDeS Fact-finding and Relationship-building Mission to Nepal International Research Institute of Disaster Science Tohoku University Sendai, Japan 13 March 2016 IRIDeS Fact-Finding and relationship-building mission to Nepal IRIDeS Task Force Team Hazard and Risk Evaluation Research Division: Prof. F. Imamura, Prof. S. Koshimura, Dr. J. D. Bricker, Dr. E. Mas Human and Social Response Research Division: Prof. M. Okumura, Dr. R. Das, Dr. E. A. Maly Regional and Urban Reconstruction Research Division: Dr. S. Moriguchi, Dr. C. J. Yi Disaster Medical Science Division: Prof. S. Egawa (Team Leader), Prof. H. Tomita, Emeritus Prof. T. Hattori, Dr. H. Chagan-Yasutan, Dr. H. Sasaki Disaster Information Management and Public Collaboration Division: Dr. A. Sakurai i IRIDeS Fact-Finding and relationship-building mission to Nepal IRIDeS would like to expresses our gratitude to the following people: IRIDeS Task Force Team ¥ Mr. Khagaraj Adhikari Minister, MoHP ¥ Dr. Lohani Guna Raj, Secretary, MoHP ¥ Dr. Basu Dev. Pandey, Director, Division of Leprosy Control, MoHP ¥ Dr. Khem Karki; Member Secretary, Nepal Health Research Council, MoHP Hazard and Risk Evaluation Research Division: ¥ Mr. Edmondo Perrone, Cluster coordinator/World Food Program Prof. F. Imamura, Prof. S. Koshimura, Dr. J. D. Bricker, Dr. E. Mas ¥ Mr. Surendra Babu Dhakal, World Vision Internationa ¥ Mr. Prafulla Pradhan, UNHabitat ¥ Mr. Vijaya P. Singh, Assistant Country Director, UNDP Nepal Office Human and Social Response Research Division: ¥ Mr. Rajesh Sharma, Programme Specialist UNDP Bangkok Regional Hub Prof. M. Okumura, Dr. R. Das, Dr. E. A. Maly ¥ Prof. Surya Raj Acharya, Tribhuvan University ¥ Dr. Vinshu Dangol, Tribuvan University ¥ Dr. Nagendra Raj Sitoula Tribhuvan University Institute of Engineering, Center for Disaster Studies Regional and Urban Reconstruction Research Division: ¥ Dr. Basanta Raj Adhikari, Tribhuvan University Institute of Engineering, Center for Disaster Studies Dr. S. Moriguchi, Dr. C. J. Yi ¥ Dr. Prem Neth Maskey, Tribhuvan University, Institute of Engineering Department of Civil Engineering ¥ Dr. Saroj Prasad Odja, Head, Department of Psychiatry, TU-IOM Disaster Medical Science Division: ¥ Prof. Dr. Sangita Bhandary, Vice Chancellor, Patan Academy of Health Science ¥ Mr. Macha B. Shakya, Medical Librarian/Training Liason Officer, Patan Academy of Health Prof. S. Egawa (Team Leader), Prof. H. Tomita, Emeritus Prof. T. Hattori, Dr. H. Chagan-Yasutan, Science Dr. H. Sasaki ¥ Dr. Basant Pant, Chairman, Annapurna Neurological Institute and Allied Science ¥ Dr. Tulshi B. Shrestha ¥ Dr. Hiroshi Yagi, Yamagata University ¥ Prof. Yasushi Takeuchi, Tohoku Institute of Technology Disaster Information Management and Public Collaboration Division: ¥ Mr. Masahiko Murata and Mr. Sotaro Tsuboi, Disaster Reduction and Human Renovation Institution Dr. A. Sakurai ¥ Ms. Rajali Maharjan, Tokyo Institute of Technology ¥ Tomoko Matsushita, University of Tokyo ¥ Mr. Nabin Dangol, Loo Niva Child Concern ¥ Dr. Ramesh Guragain, NSET ¥ Mr. Jeevan Shrestha, Japanese Language Instuctor, Sankhu ¥ Ms. Midori Sakamoto, Advisor, Japanese Language Teachers Association ¥ Yogendra Chitrakar, Engineer, Guheshwori Wastewater Treatment Plant ¥ Mr. Shinya Machida-Counselor, Embassy of Japan in Nepal ¥ Mr. Makoto Ooyama, First Secretary, Embassy of Japan in Nepal ¥ Mr. Hiroyasu Tonokawa, Senior Representative, JICA Nepal Office ¥ Mr. Yukio Tanaka, Representative, JICA Nepal Office ¥ Ms. Aika Tomimatsu, JICA Nepal Office ¥ Mr. Kozo Nagami, JICA Tohoku Office and JICA Nepal Office ¥ Mr. Tatsuya Murase, Director, JICA Tohoku Office ¥ Mr. Satoshi Fujii JICA Tohoku Office ¥ Ms. Midori Kamata, JICA Tohoku Office i ii Contents 1 Message from IRIDeS for reconstruction and future safety in Nepal ................................................................... 1 Fumihiko Imamura 2 Executive Summary ......................................................................................................................................................... 3 Shinichi Egawa 3 Summary of the Nepal Earthquake .............................................................................................................................. 5 Shuji Moriguchi 3.1 Main Shock ............................................................................................................................................................... 5 3.2 Aftershocks ............................................................................................................................................................... 7 4 Initial damage mapping by satellite images ................................................................................................................ 8 Erick Mas, Hideomi Gokon, Bruno Adriano, Yanbing Bai, Shunichi Koshimura 4.1 Background ............................................................................................................................................................... 8 4.2 Objective ................................................................................................................................................................... 8 4.3 Geospatial and satellite imagery data ..................................................................................................................... 9 4.4 Methodology .......................................................................................................................................................... 10 4.5 Results and Discussion ......................................................................................................................................... 12 4.6 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................................. 12 5 IRIDeS Fact-Finding mission ....................................................................................................................................... 14 5.1 Structural and Water Resources Assessment ..................................................................................................... 14 Jeremey D. Bricker 5.1.1 Background and aims ...................................................................................................................................... 14 5.1.2 Methods ............................................................................................................................................................ 14 5.1.3 Structures .......................................................................................................................................................... 14 5.1.4 Water supply and wastewater ......................................................................................................................... 20 5.1.5 Flood hazard ..................................................................................................................................................... 26 5.1.6 Conclusions ...................................................................................................................................................... 28 5.2 Nepal disaster logistics: multi-dimensional challenges .................................................................................... 29 Rubel Das 5.2.1 Background and aims ...................................................................................................................................... 29 5.2.2 Methodology .................................................................................................................................................... 29 5.2.3 Preliminary description of Nepal ................................................................................................................... 29 5.2.4 Relief activities ................................................................................................................................................. 30 5.2.5 Facts in disaster response ................................................................................................................................ 32 5.2.6 Suggestions ....................................................................................................................................................... 38 iii Contents 5.3 ODA / NGO activity in the recovery phase ....................................................................................................... 40 Carine J. Yi 1 Message from IRIDeS for reconstruction and future safety in Nepal ................................................................... 1 5.3.1 Official Development Assistance (ODA) ..................................................................................................... 40 Fumihiko Imamura 5.3.2 Official aid for earthquake victims ................................................................................................................ 41 2 Executive Summary ......................................................................................................................................................... 3 5.3.3 Damage and needs of the Nepali government ............................................................................................. 43 5.3.4 International NGOs’ activities in Lalitpur District ......................................................................................